a Modifiable Behavioral NCD Risk Factor | ||
S.no | NCD risk factor | Definition |
1 | Tobacco use | Smoker: Currently smokes any tobacco products, such as cigarettes, cigars, or pipes, etc. Smokeless: Currently use any smokeless tobacco such as snuff, chewing tobacco, betel, etc. A detailed study using NCD STEPS data for tobacco use has already been done and it is currently under review for publication. Therefore this study will not focus on tobacco use; any information required will be used from that study. However, this variable will be used during the analysis of clustering of NCD risk factors. |
2 | High alcohol consumption | Current alcohol drinker (intermediate or high) Those who are current alcohol drinker and drinks pure alcohol above 40 g for men and above 20 g for women on average per occasion. |
3 | Low consumption of fruit and vegetable | Less than five serving of fruit and/or vegetable on an average day In a typical week, number of days the respondent ate fruit and/or vegetable, and number of servings of vegetables they ate on one of those days. |
4 | Low physical activity | Percentage of respondents not meeting WHO recommendations on physical activity for health (respondents doing less than 150 min of moderate-intensity physical activity per week, or equivalent). |
5 | Salt intake | Levels of sodium and creatinine in spot urine samples are used to estimate population 24 h salt intake, using the INTERSALT equation: Males: 23.51 + 0.45*spot Na concentration (mmol/L) -3.09*spot creatinine concentration (mmol/L) + 4.16*BMI + 0.22*Age Females: 3.74 + 0.33* spot Na concentration (mmol/L)-2.44* spot creatinine concentration (mmol/L) + 2.42* BMI +2.34* Age − 0.03* Age ^2 The 24 h sodium values in mmol are divided by 17.1 in order to get grams of salt. |
b Modifiable Biological NCD Risk Factor | ||
1 | Overweight | Overweight is defined as Body Mass Index ≥25 kg/m2 |
2 | Raised blood pressure | Raised blood pressure individuals are those with SBP ≥140 and/or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg or currently on medication for raised blood pressure. This study took BP 3 measurements and for the purpose of this study, the average reading of these three measurements will be used. |
3 | Impaired fasting glycaemia | Impaired fasting glycaemia is defined as those with capillary whole blood value: ≥5.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dl) and <6.1 mmol/L (110 mg/dl) |
4 | Raised fasting cholesterol level | Raised fasting cholesterol level is defined as total cholesterol level ≥ 5.0 mmol/L or ≥190 mg/dl or currently on medication for raised cholesterol |