Fig. 1
From: Ability of ecological deprivation indices to measure social inequalities in a French cohort
Associations between individual educational level and three area-based deprivation indices with smoking status. ORa (95% CI) = odd ratio adjusted for age (95% confidence interval) from generalized estimating equation (GEE) methods. Educational level (EL) was categorized in 4 classes (EL-1: 5-level university; EL-2: 3−/4-level university diploma; EL-3: high school to 2-level university diploma; EL-4: ≤ high school diploma), with 5-level university diploma as the reference. FDep: French Deprivation index, FEDI: French European Deprivation Index. Q1: least deprived quintile (reference); Q5: most deprived quintile. Smoking status was defined as ever-smoker (ref) vs. never smoker. p-values for trend were significant (<0.0001) for the four indicators