Table 5 Associations between fast food consumption and health outcomes among Chinese children (n = 1626)^a

  1–2

0.96 (0.65–1.41)

0.92 (0.68–1.26)

1.17 (0.78–1.75)

   ≥ 3

0.89 (0.53–1.49)

0.99 (0.66–1.49)

0.68 (0.35–1.31)

Age

0.92 (0.84–1.00)

0.95 (0.88–1.03)

1.33 (1.15–1.52)***

Boy (vs. girl)

2.63 (1.79–3.89) ***

3.15 (2.31–4.31)***

1.21 (0.81–1.81)

 Shanghai

0.95 (0.57–1.60)

1.29 (0.78–2.12)

0.81 (0.29–2.27)

 Nanjing

0.75 (0.43–1.29)

0.97 (0.58–1.62)

1.73 (0.64–4.66)

 Xi’an

0.95 (0.55–1.64)

0.78 (0.45–1.34)

0.89 (0.32–2.49)

BMI

1.11 (1.06–1.17)***

1.12 (1.07–1.17)***

1.09 (1.03–1.15)**

 Elementary school or below

1.05 (0.66–1.67)

1.05 (0.71–1.53)

0.81 (0.46–1.44)

 Middle, high or vocational school

1.71 (1.12–2.61)*

1.43 (1.00–2.03)*

1.34 (0.83–2.15)

  1–2

0.97 (0.68–1.40)

0.94 (0.70–1.26)

0.67 (0.44–1.02)

   ≥ 3

1.21 (0.50–2.95)

0.97 (0.46–2.07)

0.92 (0.30–2.84)

Age

0.92 (0.84–1.00)

0.96 (0.88–1.03)

1.34 (1.17–1.54)***

Boy (vs. girl)

2.64 (1.79–3.89)***

3.16 (2.31–4.32)***

1.24 (0.83–1.85)

 Shanghai

0.96 (0.57–1.61)

1.29 (0.78–2.13)

0.81 (0.28–2.32)

 Nanjing

0.75 (0.43–1.29)

0.96 (0.57–1.62)

1.71 (0.62–4.71)

 Xi’an

0.96 (0.56–1.66)

0.77 (0.45–1.34)

0.89 (0.31–2.55)

BMI

1.11 (1.06–1.17)***

1.12 (1.07–1.17)***

1.09 (1.03–1.14)**

 Elementary school or below

1.03 (0.65–1.65)

1.04 (0.71–1.52)

0.80 (0.45–1.43)

 Middle, high or vocational school

1.70 (1.11–2.60)*

1.43 (1.00–2.03)*

1.33 (0.83–2.14)