Table 1 Characteristics of Chinese children aged 7–16 years in the study
Characteristics | Overall (n = 1626) | Boys (n = 830) | Girls (n = 796) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Child health outcomes | ||||
Obesity related variables | ||||
 BMI, mean (SD) | 19.2 (3.9) | 19.7 (4.0) | 18.6 (3.8) | < 0.001 |
 Waist circumference, mean (SD) | 66.0 (10.3) | 68.2 (11.1) | 63.7 (9.0) | < 0.001 |
 WHtR, mean (SD) | 0.44 (0.06) | 0.45 (0.06) | 0.42 (0.05) | < 0.001 |
Blood pressure | ||||
 Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD) | 106.0 (12.1) | 107.2 (12.4) | 104.8 (11.6) | < 0.001 |
 Diastolic blood pressure, mean (SD) | 60.9 (7.9) | 60.4 (7.7) | 61.4 (8.1) | 0.017 |
Child characteristics | ||||
 Age (in years), mean (SD) | 11.6 (2.0) | 11.6 (2.0) | 11.5 (2.1) | 0.917 |
 Location, n (%) |  |  |  | 0.618 |
  Beijing | 439 (27.0) | 213 (25.7) | 226 (28.4) |  |
  Shanghai | 400 (24.6) | 212 (25.5) | 188 (23.6) |  |
  Nanjing | 396 (24.4) | 204 (24.6) | 192 (24.1) |  |
  Xi’an | 391 (24.1) | 201 (24.2) | 190 (23.9) |  |
 School level, n (%) |  |  |  | 0.745 |
  Primary school | 839 (51.6) | 425 (51.2) | 414 (52.0) |  |
  Middle school | 787 (48.4) | 405 (48.8) | 382 (48.0) |  |
Their mothers’ characteristics | ||||
 BMI, mean (SD) | 22.1 (3.2) | 21.9 (2.8) | 22.4 (3.4) | 0.001 |
 Education level, n (%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
  Elementary school or below | 402 (25.6) | 242 (30.5) | 160 (20.7) |  |
  Middle, high or vocational school | 452 (28.8) | 215 (27.1) | 237 (30.6) |  |
  College or above | 715 (45.6) | 337 (42.4) | 378 (48.8) |  |