Healthy apple program to support child care centers to alter nutrition and physical activity practices and improve child weight: a cluster randomized trial

Stookey, Jodi D.; Evans, Jane; Chan, Curtis; Tao-Lew, Lisa; Arana, Tito; Arthur, Susan

doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4951-y

Table 5 Estimated HAP effects on year-specific and year-to-year mean changes in BMI percentile and z-score

From: Healthy apple program to support child care centers to alter nutrition and physical activity practices and improve child weight: a cluster randomized trial

	Baseline		Implementation year 1		Follow-up		Implementation year 2
Year	2011–2012		2012–2013		2013–2014		2014–2015
HAP exposure for CCHP + HAP	No		Yes		No		Yes
HAP exposure for CCHP + HAP Delayed	No		No		No		Yes
Hierarchical linear model estimates	b (SE)	P	b (SE)	P	b (SE)	P	b (SE)	P
Year-specific model predicting child BMI percentile, %^a
Time	1.0 (0.7)	0.14	−0.4 (0.7)	0.57	−0.5 (0.7)	0.48	−2.7 (0.8)	0.001
Time x HAP	0.6 (0.9)	0.49	−1.7 (1.0)	0.08	−2.6 (0.9)	0.003	1.5 (1.0)	0.12
Year-specific model predicting child BMI z-score
Time	0.00 (0.02)	0.88	−0.03 (0.03)	0.32	−0.03 (0.03)	0.25	−0.11 (0.03)	0.001
Time x HAP	0.04 (0.03)	0.18	−0.05 (0.04)	0.17	−0.08 (0.03)	0.007	0.06 (0.04)	0.11
Year-to-year model predicting child care center mean annual change in BMI percentile, %^b
Year	Reference		−0.2 (1.8)	0.90	0.01 (1.5)	0.99	−5.6 (2.2)	0.01
Year x HAP	Reference		−4.3 (2.7)	0.11	−5.1 (2.3)	0.03	−2.1 (2.4)	0.37
Year-to-year model predicting child care center mean annual change in BMI z-score
Year	Reference		0.02 (0.06)	0.77	0.02 (0.05)	0.72	−0.2 (0.08)	0.02
Year x HAP	Reference		−0.2 (0.09)	0.06	−0.2 (0.08)	0.01	−0.1 (0.08)	0.18

BMI Body mass index, BMI percentiles and z-scores were calculated relative to the CDC 2000 growth reference; Study time was defined according to academic calendar year. CCHP Child Care Health Program, HAP Healthy Apple Program; Child care centers were randomly allocated to the CCHP + HAP or CCHP + HAP Delayed group in Autumn 2012; b (SE): model coefficient and standard error. P: p-value associated with the model coefficient
^aYear-specific hierarchical linear models used child-level data to test for main effects of Time (change from Autumn to Spring during the school year) on BMI percentile and BMI z-score, as well as effect modification by invitation to the HAP (Time x HAP interaction). The year-specific models included child sex, age and overweight or obese status (yes/no) in the Autumn, and type of center (CCHP + HAP or CCHP + HAP Delayed) as predictors of the intercept and CCHP + HAP vs CCHP + HAP Delayed status as predictor of the slope, i.e. annual change from Autumn to Spring. Year-specific model random-effect parameters used an independent covariance structure
^bYear-to-year hierarchical linear models used child care center-level data to test if the child care center annual mean changes in BMI percentile and z-score in 2012–2013, 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 differed from the corresponding changes in 2011–2012 (main effects of Year) and if differences from year to year were modified by invitation to the HAP (Year x HAP interaction). Year-to-year models included the child care center mean child age, percent male, and prevalence of overweight or obesity in Autumn as predictors of the intercept, and HAP invitation as predictor of the slope. Year-to-year models specified an unstructured covariance structure

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ISSN: 1471-2458

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