Do objective neighbourhood characteristics relate to residents’ preferences for certain sports locations? A cross-sectional study using a discrete choice modelling approach

Deelen, Ineke; Jansen, Marijke; Dogterom, Nico J.; Kamphuis, Carlijn B. M.; Ettema, Dick

doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4949-5

Table 2 Multinomial probit model

From: Do objective neighbourhood characteristics relate to residents’ preferences for certain sports locations? A cross-sectional study using a discrete choice modelling approach

	Model 1 – raw analyses						Model 2 – adjusted analyses
	Public space		Sports club		Other sports facility		Public space		Sports club		Other sports facility
Ref = non-participants	B	SE	B	SE	B	SE	B	SE	B	SE	B	SE
Constant	−-4.019	0.699	−-4.165	0.837	−-4.092	0.761	−-4.377	0.738	−-4.090	0.939	−-4.469	0.813
Physical environmental characteristics ^a
Roads	−-0.032	0.064	−-0.033	0.064	−-0.024	0.064	−-0.020	0.067	−-0.024	0.068	−-0.012	0.066
Facilities	0.057	0.055	0.054	0.054	0.045	0.055	0.046	0.056	0.043	0.056	0.032	0.056
Green space	0.034 ^**	0.006	0.028 ^*	0.009	0.034 ^**	0.006	0.034 ^**	0.006	0.028 ^*	0.010	0.034 ^**	0.007
Blue space	0.650 ^**	0.081	0.638 ^**	0.091	0.652 ^**	0.081	0.637 ^**	0.082	0.625 ^**	0.091	0.639 ^**	0.082
Number of sports facilities	0.030 ^*	0.010	0.027 ^*	0.011	0.032 ^*	0.011	0.031 ^*	0.011	0.028 ^*	0.012	0.033 ^*	0.011
Socio environmental characteristics ^b
Urbanity (ref. = rural)
Hardly – moderately urbanized	−-0.677	0.359	−-0.598	0.379	−-0.681	0.356	−-0.740 ^*	0.359	−-0.654	0.379	−-0.731 ^*	0.355
Strongly - extremely urbanized	−-0.779 ^*	0.357	−-0.758 ^*	0.371	−-0.759 ^*	0.356	−-0.825 ^*	0.360	−-0.825 ^*	0.374	−-0.800 ^*	0.359
Neighbourhood safety (ref. = below nat. average)
About national average	−-0.117	0.504	−-0.039	0.508	−-0.084	0.497	−-0.110	0.517	−-0.004	0.526	−-0.078	0.509
Above national average	0.607	0.542	0.840	0.543	0.658	0.534	0.601	0.550	0.872	0.556	0.647	0.542
Neighbourhood SES (ref. = below nat. average)
About national average	0.131	0.501	0.147	0.501	0.078	0.496	0.051	0.504	0.046	0.510	−-0.008	0.499
Above national average	0.430	0.519	0.363	0.522	0.385	0.509	0.304	0.534	0.199	0.538	0.260	0.524
Socio-demographic factors
Age (in years)							0.002	0.005	−-0.007	0.006	0.001	0.005
Female							−-0.098	0.132	−-0.098	0.127	−-0.007	0.145
Children living at home							−-0.018	0.143	0.202	0.166	0.021	0.139
Education (ref. = low)
Middle							0.251	0.156	0.309	0.179	0.277	0.157
High							0.478 ^*	0.163	0.514 ^*	0.194	0.463 ^*	0.166
Employed							0.119	0.128	−-0.009	0.143	0.103	0.126
Error structures
Public Space – Sports club	0.647	0.560					0.617	0.596
Public Space – Other sports facility	1.005 ^**	0.066					1.000 ^*	0.082
Sports club – Sports club	0.819	0.575					0.852	0.543
Sports club – Other sports facility	0.139	0.296					0.139	0.293
Other sports facility – Other sports facility	0.189	0.353					0.212	0.381
Model fit
Log-likelihood	−-1276.7						−-1249.9
McFadden R²	0.22117						0.23752
Chisquare	725.12						778.73

^aWithin a 2,000 metre buffer around the home. ^bOn postcode 4 digit level. ^*Significance < 0.05, ^**Significance < 0.001. The reference category was non-sports participants in all models, i.e. the categories public space, sports club, and other sports facility are all compared to non-participants. SES = Socio-economic Status

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