|
General measurements
|
|
Age
|
58.1 ± 8.1
|
61.6 ± 7.5
|
62.9 ± 7.5
|
62.7 ± 7.7
|
<0.001
|
|
Male sex (%)
|
42.2
|
53.3
|
63.1
|
69.4
|
<0.001
|
|
Body mass index (kg/m2)
|
25.5 ± 3.6
|
27.7 ± 4.3
|
28.8 ± 4.8
|
29.9 ± 5.0
| |
|
Educational level (%)
|
|
- low2
|
26.1
|
34.7
|
34.2
|
47.1
|
<0.001
|
|
- intermediate3
|
27.5
|
28.1
|
30.6
|
27.7
| |
|
- high4
|
45.7
|
36.3
|
34.2
|
24.5
| |
|
Employment status (%)
|
|
- employed
|
46.8
|
35.3
|
28.8
|
27.8
|
<0.001
|
|
- retired
|
26.6
|
36.0
|
45.0
|
37.0
| |
|
- no paid job
|
19.6
|
19.8
|
19.8
|
20.1
| |
|
- not known
|
7.1
|
8.8
|
6.3
|
15.1
| |
|
Smoking status (%)
|
|
- never
|
39.6
|
29.8
|
33.3
|
27.7
|
<0.001
|
|
- former
|
48.4
|
57.0
|
57.7
|
55.8
| |
|
- current
|
11.9
|
13.3
|
8.1
|
16.1
| |
|
Alcohol consumption, glasses per week
|
7.3 ± 7.1
|
9.1 ± 10.6
|
9.3 ± 10.6
|
6.1 ± 8.5
|
<0.001
|
|
Prior CVD (%)
|
11.6
|
12.1
|
20.7
|
27.5
|
<0.001
|
|
Hypertension (%)
|
41.2
|
63.6
|
75.7
|
83.9
|
<0.001
|
|
Diabetes medication use (%)
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
90.9
|
n/a
|
|
Diabetes duration (years; median, Q1-Q3; n = 567)
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
n/a
|
7.0 (3.0–12.0)
|
n/a
|
|
Structural characteristics of the social network
|
|
Network size
|
11.00 ± 5.15
|
10.02 ± 5.08
|
7.68 ± 4.59
|
7.61 ± 4.38
|
<0.001
|
|
Contact frequency
|
|
Total contacts per half year
|
249.33 ± 144.09
|
233.13 ± 145.26
|
193.14 ± 123.39
|
196.55 ± 125.58
|
<0.001
|
|
Percentage of daily-weekly contact
|
46.29 ± 24.41
|
47.15 ± 25.09
|
53.67 ± 28.04
|
54.16 ± 28.01
|
<0.001
|
|
Proximity
|
|
Percentage of network members living within walking distance
|
28.96 ± 21.28
|
30.79 ± 23.60
|
27.51 ± 24.07
|
27.67 ± 24.20
|
0.158
|
|
Type of relationship
|
|
Percentage household members
|
14.00 ± 12.48
|
14.42 ± 13.84
|
21.19 ± 20.71
|
17.53 ± 17.41
|
<0.001
|
|
Percentage family members
|
55.94 ± 22.34
|
58.30 ± 23.68
|
61.78 ± 27.22
|
64.68 ± 26.00
|
<0.001
|
|
Percentage friends
|
30.05 ± 20.30
|
27.23 ± 20.95
|
22.76 ± 21.06
|
21.43 ± 21.96
|
<0.001
|
|
Living alone (%)
|
14.7
|
17.4
|
17.1
|
20.2
|
<0.05
|
|
Social participation (%)
|
71.6
|
64.2
|
61.1
|
56.4
|
<0.001
|
|
Functional characteristics of the social network
|
|
Informational supporta
|
3.5 ± 1.6
|
3.2 ± 1.7
|
2.7 ± 1.7
|
2.7 ± 1.7
|
<0.001
|
|
Emotional support (discomfort) a
|
3.0 ± 1.6
|
2.6 ± 1.6
|
2.1 ± 1.5
|
2.2 ± 1.5
|
<0.001
|
|
Emotional support (important decisions) a
|
3.4 ± 1.5
|
2.9 ± 1.6
|
2.5 ± 1.7
|
2.4 ± 1.5
|
<0.001
|
|
Practical support (jobs)a
|
3.0 ± 1.5
|
2.7 ± 1.5
|
2.3 ± 1.4
|
2.4 ± 1.4
|
<0.001
|
|
Practical support (sickness) a
|
2.5 ± 1.4
|
2.2 ± 1.4
|
1.8 ± 1.3
|
1.9 ± 1.3
|
<0.001
|
