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Table 4 Crude and multivariate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the risk of somatic disability pension (DP) in the follow-up period (2005–2010), stratified by age (median) using natives as the reference group

From: Risk of disability pension in first and second generation immigrants: the role of age and region of birth in a prospective population-based study from Sweden

Age/

Immigration status

Populationn (%)

Somatic DP n (%)

Crude

HR (95% CI)

Model 1

HR (95% CI)

Model 2

HR (95% CI)

Below 35 years

Natives

1,247,196 (99.4)

7192 (0.6)

1

1

1

First generation

255,056 (99.4)

1632 (0.6)

1.11 (1.11–1.23)

1.11 (1.05–1.17)

1.15 (1.09–1.22)

Second generation

75,246 (99.3)

555 (0.7)

1.32 (1.18–1.41)

1.32 (1.21–1.44)

1.30 (1.19–1.42)

Second/

intermediate

139,438 (99.4)

786 (0.6)

1.01 (0.91–1.06)

1.01 (0.93–1.08)

0.99 (0.92–1.06)

≥35 years

Natives

1,283,142 (97.9)

26,893 (2.1)

1

1

1

First generation

283,436 (96.5)

10,300 (3.5)

1.78 (1.74–1.82)

1.79 (1.75–1.83)

1.70 (1.66–1.74)

Second generation

45,985 (97.8)

1058 (2.2)

1.10 (1.03–1.74)

1.15 (1.08–1.22)

1.10 (1.03–1.17)

Second/

Intermediate

126,409 (97.9)

2731 (2.1)

1.03 (0.99–1.07)

1.07 (1.03–1.12)

1.04 (1.00–1.08)

  1. Model 1: adjusted for sex, educational level, family situation, residential area, and unemployment status
  2. Model 2: like Model 1 and additionally adjusted for healthcare variables (diagnosis-specific in- and specialized outpatient healthcare)