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Table 3 Crude and multivariate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the risk of mental disability pension (DP) across regions of birth in the follow-up period (2005–2010), stratified by immigration status, using natives as the reference group

From: Risk of disability pension in first and second generation immigrants: the role of age and region of birth in a prospective population-based study from Sweden

Immigration

status

Populationn (%)

Mental DP

n (%)

Crude

HR (95% CI)

Model 1

HR (95% CI)

Model 2

HR (95% CI)

First generation

Nordic

87,263 (16.1)

1389 (1.6)

1.48 (1.41–1.55)

1.23 (1.16–1.29)

1.09 (1.03–1.15)

EU 25+

86,592 (16.0)

1123 (1.3)

1.22 (1.15–1.30)

1.27 (1.20–1.35)

1.26 (1.19–1.34)

Other EU

116,135 (21.6)

3621 (2.7)

2.50 (2.41–2.59)

2.12 (2.04–2.20)

2.06 (1.98–2.13)

Rest

249,862 (46.3)

4799 (1.9)

1.74 (1.68–1.79)

1.52 (1.47–1.57)

1.46 (1.43–1.52)

Second generation

Nordic

65,933 (54.5)

1225 (1.8)

1.64 (1.55–1.74)

1.50 (1.42–1.59)

1.31 (1.23–1.38)

EU 25+

23,703 (19.6)

328 (1.4)

1.23 (1.10–1.37)

1.27 (1.14–1.41)

1.24 (1.14–1.38)

Other EU

21,651 (17.9)

282 (1.3)

1.15 (1.02–1.30)

1.15 (1.02–1.29)

1.18 (1.05–1.45)

Rest

9620 (8.0)

102 (1.0)

0.94 (0.77–1.14)

1.03 (0.84–1.24)

1.12 (0.92–1.36)

Second/

intermediate generation

Sweden

130,213 (49.1)

1984 (1.5)

1.34 (1.27–1.42)

1.27 (1.20–1.34)

1.19 (1.13–1.25)

Nordic

89,657 (34.7)

1368 (1.5)

1.13 (1.03–1.24)

1.17 (1.06–1.28)

1.13 (1.03–1.24)

EU 25+

37,007 (13.1)

474 (1.3)

1.07 (0.80–1.44)

1.13 (0.85–1.52)

1.04 (0.78–1.40)

Other EU

3681 (1.3)

45 (1.2)

0.96 (0.73–1.24)

1.10 (0.84–1.44)

1.02 (0.78–1.34)

Rest

4882 (1.8)

53 (1.1)

1.34 (1.28–1.40)

1.34 (1.28–1.40)

1.22 (1.16–1.27)

  1. Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, educational level, family situation, residential area, and unemployment status
  2. Model 2: like Model 1 and additionally adjusted for healthcare variables (diagnosis-specific in- and specialized outpatient healthcare)
  3. Countries categorization
  4. Nordic: Finland, Denmark, Norway, and Iceland;
  5. EU-25+: countries included in the European Union in 2006 except Sweden and “Nordic countries” plus United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand;
  6. Other EU: European countries outside EU25 and Former Soviet Union countries;
  7. Rest: Asia, South America, Africa