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Table 1 Descriptive statistics of socio-demographics, unemployment, and healthcare utilization of individuals born in Sweden (natives), first, second/intermediate1, and second generation immigrants, respectively. (N = 3,507,055)

From: Risk of disability pension in first and second generation immigrants: the role of age and region of birth in a prospective population-based study from Sweden

Characteristics

Natives

n (%)

First

n (%)

Second

n (%)

Second/Intermediate

n (%)

p values*

All

2,564,423 (73.1)

550,424 (15.7)

122.844 (3.5)

269.364 (7.7)

 

Sociodemographic factors (2004)

Sex

    

p < 0.001

Men

1,330,709 (51.9)

270,907 (49.2)

63,781 (51.9)

139,615 (51.8)

 

Women

1,233,714 (48.1)

279,517 (50.8)

59,063 (48.1)

129,749 (48.2)

 

Age (years)

    

p < 0.001

19–24

446,325 (17.4)

80,365 (14.6)

30,262 (24.6)

54,070 (20.1)

 

25–34

808,063 (31.5)

176,323 (32.0)

45,539 (37.1)

86,154 (32.0)

 

35–44

852,091 (33.2)

196,524 (35.7)

33,954 (27.6)

88,490 (32.9)

 

45–50

457,944 (17.9)

97,212 (17.7)

13,089 (10.7)

40,650 (15.1)

 

Education (years)

    

p < 0.001

Compulsory school (≤9)

260,877 (10.2)

105,509 (19.2)

17,704 (14.4)

31,873 (11.8)

 

High school [10,11,12]

1,374,598 (53.6)

218,173 (39.6)

68,313 (55.6)

141,943 (52.7)

 

College/University (>12)

925,957 (36.1)

180,412 (31.0)

35,543 (28.9)

94,585 (35.1)

 

Missing

2991 (0.1)

46,330 (8.4)

1284 (2.5)

963 (0.4)

 

Family situation

    

p < 0.001

Married/cohab. With children2

1,095,026 (42.7)

240,901 (43.8)

41,336 (33.6)

101,047 (37.5)

 

Married/cohab. Without children2

101,165 (3.9)

43,802 (8.0)

5251 (4.3)

9802 (3.6)

 

Single without children

1,080,004 (42.1)

201,264 (36.6)

59,330 (41.7)

124,439 (46.2)

 

Single with children

175,136 (6.8)

48,969 (8.9)

9040 (7.4)

20,481 (7.6)

 

Young adults living at home 19-20ys

113,089 (4.4)

15,476 (2.8)

8292 (6.8)

13,594 (5.0)

 

Type of residential area 3

    

p < 0.001

Big cities

883,937 (33.9)

301,815 (54.3)

67,070 (55.7)

124,008 (45.6)

 

Medium-sized cities

942,297 (36.8)

167,324 (30.7)

37,901 (30.3)

88,573 (33.0)

 

Small towns

738,189 (29.3)

81,285 (15.0)

17,873 (14.0)

56,783 (21.4)

 

Unemployed 4

398,840 (15.6)

130,792 (23.8)

26,030 (21.2)

49,478 (18.4)

p < 0.001

Healthcare

Inpatient, Somatic, 2000–04

599,402 (23.4)

134,630 (24.5)

28,888 (23.5)

62,717 (23.3)

p < 0.001

Inpatient, Mental, 2000–04

32,537 (1.3)

9275 (1.7)

2510 (2.0)

4784 (1.8)

p < 0.001

Outpatient, Somatic 2001–04

1,440,384 (41.1)

315,968 (57.4)

75,080 (61.1)

159,472 (59.2)

p < 0.001

Outpatient, Mental 2001–2004

60,276 (2.4)

16,259 (3.0)

3971 (3.2)

8143 (3.0)

p < 0.001

  1. 1Intermediate generation refers to individuals born in Sweden with one parent born in Sweden and one parent born abroad
  2. 2Children living at home
  3. 3Area of residence: big cities: Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmö; medium-sized cities: cities with more than 90,000 inhabitants within 30 km distance from the center of the city; small cities/villages
  4. 4Individuals with unemployment benefits in 2004
  5. *For differences among immigrant groups and natives