Table 2 Age-adjusted prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors by sex and glucose-defined diabetes status among adults aged 20 years or older, 1988–2014a
From: Trends in cardiovascular risk factors among U.S. men and women with and without diabetes, 1988–2014
Risk actors by sex and diabetes status | NHANES 1988–1994 | NHANES 1999–2002 | NHANES 2003–2006 | NHANES 2007–2010 | NHANES 2011–2014 | P Value for Linear Trend, 1988–1994 to 2011-2014b | P Value for Comparison of NHANES 2011–2014 and NHANES 1988–1994 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Smoking (%) | |||||||
Non-diabetic Men | 32.52 (30.34–34.69) | 22.78 (20.45–25.11) | 23.68 (21.52–25.83) | 20.54 (18.19–22.88) | 19.01 (15.79–22.24) | <.0001 | −13.51 (−17.39 to −9.62) |
Diabetic Men | 23.63 (17.33–29.92) | 20.11 (14.89–25.32) | 19.25 (14.15–24.35) | 17.41 (14.25–20.56) | 16.11 (10.12–22.11) | 0.0218 | −7.52 (−16.21 to 1.18) |
Non-diabetic Women | 25.19 (23.43–26.95) | 18.85 (17.01–20.68) | 18.51 (16.64–20.39) | 16.16 (14.19–18.13) | 13.55 (11.62–15.48) | <.0001 | −11.64 (−14.25 to −9.03) |
Diabetic Women | 22.06 (17.82–26.29) | 10.75 (6.86–14.64) | 14.28 (8.92–19.64) | 14.78 (11.26–18.29) | 14.80 (7.71–21.89) | 0.0081 | −7.26 (−15.52 to 1.01) |
Use of antihypertensive medications (%) | |||||||
Non-diabetic Men | 9.04 (7.70–10.37) | 15.11 (13.42–16.79) | 19.84 (18.13–21.55) | 20.57 (18.31–22.84) | 21.13 (17.67–24.58) | <.0001 | 12.09 (8.38 to 15.80) |
Diabetic Men | 28.28 (23.20–33.36) | 46.01 (39.71–52.31) | 53.01 (48.03–58.00) | 54.69 (49.57–59.81) | 56.60 (47.16–66.03) | <.0001 | 28.32 (17.59 to 39.04) |
Non-diabetic Women | 12.38 (11.39–13.37) | 19.60 (17.74–21.45) | 21.72 (19.80–23.63) | 23.15 (21.68–24.63) | 23.80 (20.51–27.09) | <.0001 | 11.42 (7.98 to 14.86) |
Diabetic Women | 39.50 (34.03–44.97) | 59.51 (53.51–65.51) | 61.47 (56.51–66.43) | 62.25 (56.90–67.61) | 61.08 (55.65–66.52) | <.0001 | 21.58 (13.87 to 29.30) |
Use of Lipid-Lowering Medications (%) | |||||||
Non-diabetic Men | 2.16 (1.64–2.67) | 8.38 (7.18–9.59) | 10.97 (9.68–12.25) | 13.32 (11.76–14.88) | 13.33 (10.66–16.00) | <.0001 | 11.17 (8.45 to 13.89) |
Diabetic Men | 8.26 (4.73–11.79) | 28.73 (24.50–32.96) | 41.73 (35.53–47.92) | 41.29 (37.25–45.33) | 49.00 (41.86–56.14) | <.0001 | 40.74 (32.77 to 48.71) |
Non-Diabetic Women | 2.91 (2.21–3.61) | 6.72 (5.79–7.64) | 10.51 (8.88–12.13) | 12.41 (11.17–13.64) | 13.99 (10.94–17.05) | <.0001 | 11.08 (7.95 to 14.21) |
Diabetic Women | 6.92 (4.33–9.52) | 26.26 (19.96–32.55) | 36.28 (31.23–41.33) | 38.38 (33.08–43.68) | 49.68 (42.82–56.54) | <.0001 | 42.76 (35.42 to 50.09) |
Prevalence of achieving systolic/diastolic blood pressure < 130/80 mmHg (%) | |||||||
Non-diabetic Men | 71.93 (69.70–74.17) | 72.67 (70.46–74.88) | 71.43 (69.69–73.17) | 76.32 (74.62–78.02) | 77.22 (74.51–79.93) | <.0001 | 5.29 (1.77 to 8.80) |
Diabetic Men | 47.51 (40.52–54.50) | 52.32 (46.82–57.81) | 57.16 (50.81–63.51) | 62.37 (57.68–67.07) | 55.96 (46.33–65.60) | 0.0019 | 8.45 (−3.46 to 20.37) |
Non-diabetic Women | 76.27 (74.31–78.22) | 72.49 (70.71–74.26) | 75.40 (73.73–77.07) | 79.27 (77.63–80.91) | 78.84 (76.54–81.15) | <.0001 | 2.57 (−0.44 to 5.60) |
Diabetic Women | 45.66 (40.96–50.36) | 42.63 (35.39–49.87) | 54.67 (49.25–60.09) | 59.91 (55.73–64.08) | 55.84 (50.98–60.69) | <.0001 | 10.18 (3.42 to 16.94) |
Prevalence of achieving LDL-cholesterol <100 mg/dL (%) | |||||||
Non-diabetic Men | 64.85 (62.73–66.98) | 64.83 (62.60–67.07) | 67.87 (66.17–69.57) | 68.23 (66.46–69.99) | 67.30 (63.50–71.10) | 0.0005 | 2.45 (−1.90 to 6.81) |
Diabetic Men | 65.73 (59.80–71.66) | 75.75 (70.28–81.22) | 77.59 (73.40–81.77) | 81.81 (78.17–85.46) | 78.37 (73.59–83.16) | <.0001 | 12.64 (5.02 to 20.27) |
Non-diabetic Women | 66.90 (65.04–68.77) | 67.42 (65.67–69.17) | 70.55 (68.98–72.12) | 67.76 (66.34–69.19) | 67.04 (64.13–69.94) | 0.0369 | 0.14 (−3.32 to 3.59) |
Diabetic Women | 65.36 (59.98–70.74) | 79.47 (74.43–84.52) | 76.74 (71.23–82.26) | 80.83 (78.02–83.65) | 76.65 (71.68–81.62) | <.0001 | 11.29 (3.96 to 18.62) |
Prevalence of achieving HbA1c <7.0% (%) | |||||||
Diabetic Men | 56.50 (50.01–62.99) | 40.57 (34.30–46.84) | 54.40 (49.59–59.22) | 54.06 (48.05–60.07) | 57.29 (51.38–63.20) | 0.2121 | 0.79 (−8.00 to 9.58) |
Diabetic Women | 51.61 (44.90–58.33) | 43.24 (36.66–49.83) | 58.16 (52.93–63.39) | 62.10 (57.22–66.99) | 56.81 (49.80–63.81) | 0.0002 | 5.20 (−4.51 to 14.91) |