Bidirectional associations between psychosocial well-being and adherence to healthy dietary guidelines in European children: prospective findings from the IDEFICS study

Table 3 Prospective associations between indicators of well-being at baseline and the Healthy Dietary Adherence Score at follow-up (N = 7196)

				HDAS components (higher adherence)
		HDAS (higher adherence)		Fruits & Vegetables		Fish		Whole meal		Sugar		Fat
		OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
KINDL®	Better self-esteem	1.1*	1.0–1.3	1.1	1.0–1.2	1.0	0.9–1.2	1.1	1.0–1.3	1.2**	1.1–1.4	1.0	0.9–1.1
KINDL®	Good parent relations	1.0	0.9–1.1	1.2*	1.0–1.3	1.0	0.9–1.1	1.0	0.9–1.2	1.0	0.9–1.2	1.1	0.9–1.2
SDQ	No detectable emotional problems	1.1	1.0–1.3	1.1	0.9–1.2	1.1	1.0–1.3	1.0	0.9–1.2	1.1	0.9–1.3	1.2*	1.0–1.4
SDQ	No detectable peer problems	1.0	0.9–1.1	1.2**	1.1–1.4	1.1	0.9–1.2	1.1	1.0–1.3	1.1	0.9–1.3	1.0	0.9–1.2

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01
P-value obtained using a multilevel model correcting for cluster design (country)
Model adjusted for: age, sex, BMI z-score, diet at baseline, and highest parental education and income
HDAS Healthy Dietary Adherence Score; OR Odds ratio; SDQ Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire

ISSN: 1471-2458