Bidirectional associations between psychosocial well-being and adherence to healthy dietary guidelines in European children: prospective findings from the IDEFICS study

Table 2 Prospective associations between the Healthy Dietary Adherence Score at baseline and indicators of psychosocial wellbeing at follow-up (N = 7196)

	KINDL®				SDQ
	Better self-esteem		Good parent relations		No detectable emotional problems		No detectable peer problems
	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
HDAS (higher adherence)	1.2**	1.1–1.3	1.1	1.0–1.3	1.2**	1.1–1.3	1.3***	1.1–1.4
HDAS components (higher adherence)
Fruit & Vegetables	1.2*	1.0–1.3	1.3**	1.1–1.4	1.2*	1.0–1.3	1.2**	1.0–1.3
Fish	1.2*	1.0–1.4	1.1	1.0–1.3	1.2**	1.1–1.4	1.2**	1.1–1.4
Whole meal	1.1	0.9–1.3	1.0	0.9–1.1	1.1	0.9–1.2	1.1*	1.0–1.3
Sugar	1.1	0.9–1.3	1.2	1.0–1.4	0.9	0.8–1.1	1.0	0.9–1.2
Fat	1.0	0.9–1.2	1.0	0.9–1.2	1.2**	1.1–1.3	1.1	1.0–1.2

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001
P-value obtained using a multilevel model correcting for cluster design (country)
Model adjusted for: age, sex, BMI z-score, well-being at baseline, and highest parental education and income
HDAS Healthy Dietary Adherence Score; OR Odds ratio; SDQ Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire

ISSN: 1471-2458