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Table 4 Association between hypertension and selected socio-demographic-, behavioural- and metabolic risk factors among 25-74-year-old citizens in Yangon Region, Myanmar, in 2004

From: Changes in prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension from 2004 to 2014 among 25-74-year-old citizens in the Yangon Region, Myanmar

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

  

pOR (95% CI)

p-value

pOR (95% CI)

p-value

pOR (95% CI)

p-value

pOR (95% CI)

p-value

Socio-demographic:

 Age

 

1.06 (1.06-1.07)

<0.001*

1.07 (1.06-1.08)

<0.001*

1.06 (1.05-1.08)

<0.001*

1.07 (1.05-1.08)

<0.001*

  Location

Urban

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 
 

Rural

0.85 (0.64-1.14)

0.262

0.89 (0.66-1.19)

0.394

1.05 (0.79-1.39)

0.726

1.08 (0.82-1.42)

0.546

 Gender

Male

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 
 

Female

1.15 (1.01-1.31)

0.032*

1.20 (1.00-1.43)

0.047*

0.98 (0.84-1.14)

0.728

1.08 (0.89-1.32)

0.386

  Education

No formal

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 
 

1-5 years

1.34 (0.92-1.95)

0.116

1.38 (0.95-1.99)

0.085

1.10 (0.74-1.64)

0.622

1.13 (0.75-1.71)

0.525

 

6-11 years

1.48 (0.98-2.24)

0.062

1.46 (0.98-2.16)

0.059

1.11 (0.70-1.77)

0.622

1.17 (0.74-1.86)

0.463

 

> 11 years

1.42 (0.91-2.22)

0.113

1.36 (0.87-2.13)

0.163

1.00 (0.63-1.57)

0.987

1.03 (0.64-1.64)

0.903

  Ethnicity

Bamar

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 
 

Non-Bamar

1.01 (0.80-1.29)

0.901

0.97 (0.75-1.25)

0.783

0.91 (0.69-1.20)

0.495

0.91 (0.71-1.18)

0.450

Behavioural:

 Tobacco smoking

No

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

   

(Ref)

 
 

Yes

0.83 (0.69-1.01)

0.069

0.78 (0.65-0.94)

0.013*

  

0.97 (0.82-1.16)

0.738

 Alcohol consumption

No

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

   

(Ref)

 
 

Yes

1.46 (1.12- 1.9)

0.009*

1.53 (1.18-1.99)

0.004*

  

1.64 (1.24-2.17)

0.002*

 Low physical activity

No

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

   

(Ref)

 
 

Yes

1.82 (1.23-2.69)

0.005*

1.83 (1.23-2.69)

0.005*

  

1.91 (1.28-2.85)

0.004*

Metabolic:

 BMI

Normal

(Ref)

   

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 
 

Underweight

0.42 (0.30-0.59)

<0.001*

  

0.44 (0.31-0.62)

<0.001*

0.43 (0.30-0.61)

<0.001*

 

Overweight

2.02 (1.58-2.58)

<0.001*

  

1.88 (1.49-2.37)

<0.001*

1.89 (1.49-2.40)

<0.001*

 Diabetes

No

(Ref)

   

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 
 

Yes

1.94 (1.36-2.77)

<0.001*

  

1.61 (1.13-2.31)

0.013*

1.60 (1.10-2.32)

0.018*

 Hypercholesterolemia

No

(Ref)

   

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 
 

Yes

1.48 (1.20-1.82)

<0.001*

  

1.22 (0.99-1.48)

0.052

1.22 (1.00-1.49)

0.050*

  1. Model 1 adjusted for age, location, gender, education and ethnicity; Model 2 adjustment –behavioural risk factors: smoking, alcohol consumption, low physical activity were added to Model 1; Model 3 adjustment- the metabolic risk factors: BMI, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia were added to Model 1; Model 4 included all variables in the table
  2. *p-value ≤0.05 from multivariate logistic regression
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BMC Public Health

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