| |
Step 1-Unadjusted
|
Step 2-Structural
|
Step 3-Intermediary
|
Step 4-Full
|
|---|
|
Diabetes with CVDs comorbidity
|
OR
|
(95% CI)
|
OR
|
(95% CI)
|
OR
|
(95% CI)
|
OR
|
(95% CI)
|
|---|
|
Age
|
1.09**
|
(1.09–1.10)
|
1.1**
|
(1.09–1.11)
| | |
1.09**
|
(1.06–1.12)
|
|
Gender
|
|
Male
|
1
| |
1
| | | |
1
| |
|
Female
|
1.96**
|
(1.49–2.59)
|
2.03**
|
(1.44–2.86)
| | |
1.43
|
(0.76–2.68)
|
|
Residence
|
|
Urban
|
1
| |
1
| | | |
1
| |
|
Rural
|
0.68**
|
(0.53–0.86)
|
0.59**
|
(0.42–0.81)
| | |
0.44
|
(0.18–1.06)
|
|
Race
|
|
African
|
1
| |
1
| | | |
1
| |
|
White
|
1.71
|
(0.85–3.42)
|
0.56
|
(0.26–1.23)
| | |
1.62
|
(0.54–4.84)
|
|
Coloured
|
1.82**
|
(1.45–2.29)
|
1.38*
|
(1.01–1.89)
| | |
1.94
|
(0.92–4.11)
|
|
Indian
|
3.74**
|
(2.57–5.45)
|
2.15**
|
(1.25–3.70)
| | |
2.76
|
(0.92–8.31)
|
|
Household income
|
|
Low
|
1
| |
1
| | | |
1
| |
|
Medium
|
1.3
|
(0.90–1.89)
|
0.95
|
(0.63–1.43)
| | |
0.58
|
(0.28–1.17)
|
|
High
|
1.07
|
(0.71–1.60)
|
0.73
|
(0.39–1.36)
| | |
0.27*
|
(0.10–0.76)
|
|
Education
|
|
None
|
1
| |
1
| | | |
1
| |
|
Primary
|
0.91
|
(0.62–1.34)
|
2.4**
|
(1.40–4.12)
| | |
1.17
|
(0.40–3.48)
|
|
Secondary
|
0.30**
|
(0.20–0.43)
|
2.32**
|
(1.29–4.18)
| | |
2.55
|
(0.78–8.33)
|
|
Tertiary
|
0.57
|
(0.29–1.12)
|
3.52**
|
(1.55–7.99)
| | |
3.33
|
(0.79–14.13)
|
|
Employment
|
|
Unemployed
|
1
| |
1
| | | |
1
| |
|
Informal
|
1.67**
|
(1.21–2.30)
|
0.94
|
(0.62–1.43)
| | |
0.86
|
(0.30–2.48)
|
|
Formal
|
0.62**
|
(0.45–0.85)
|
0.87
|
(0.58–1.30)
| | |
0.71
|
(0.34–1.51)
|
|
Obesity
|
|
Underweight
|
1
| | | |
1
| |
1
| |
|
Normal Weight
|
1.15
|
(0.51–2.60)
| | |
1.40
|
(0.29–6.73)
|
1.17
|
(0.17–7.87)
|
|
Overweight
|
3.62**
|
(1.68–7.80)
| | |
5.76*
|
(1.30–25.61)
|
3.08
|
(0.49–19.23)
|
|
Obese
|
2.85**
|
(1.37–5.93)
| | |
5.09*
|
(1.24–20.82)
|
3.27
|
(0.59–18.17)
|
|
Self-rated health
| | | | | | | | |
|
Bad
|
1
| | | |
1
| |
1
| |
|
Moderate
|
0.52**
|
(0.37–0.75)
| | |
0.23
|
(0.10–0.54)
|
0.33*
|
(0.11–0.96)
|
|
Good
|
0.13**
|
(0.09–0.19)
| | |
0.15**
|
(0.07–0.36)
|
0.24**
|
(0.08–0.68)
|
|
Smoking
|
|
Never
|
1
| | | |
1
| |
1
| |
|
Occasional
|
0.14**
|
(0.05–0.40)
| | |
0.18**
|
(0.06–0.52)
|
0.29*
|
(0.10–0.88)
|
|
Regular
|
0.16**
|
(0.07–0.36)
| | |
0.21**
|
(0.10–0.46)
|
0.25**
|
(0.12–0.53)
|
|
Alcohol
|
|
Never
|
1
| | | |
1
| |
1
| |
|
Occasional
|
0.71
|
(0.49–1.02)
| | |
0.41*
|
(0.20–0.83)
|
0.66
|
(0.30–1.41)
|
|
Regular
|
0.45**
|
(0.27–0.75)
| | |
0.20**
|
(0.10–0.47)
|
0.35
|
(0.11–1.10)
|
|
Physical activity
|
|
No
|
1
| | | |
1
| |
1
| |
|
Yes
|
0.23**
|
(0.14–0.37)
| | |
0.07**
|
(0.02–0.27)
|
0.15*
|
(0.03–0.68)
|
- **p < 0.001; *p < 0.05; OR Odds Ratio; 95% CI Confidence Interval, CVD Cardiovascular disease
