Table 2 Prevalence of psychological ill health by socio-demographic covariates, health behaviours and downsizing exposure
Characteristic | Depressive symptoms | Anxiety | Emotional exhaustion |
|---|---|---|---|
high level n/N(%) | high level n/N(%) | high level n/N(%) | |
Total sample | 89 / 1422 (6.3) | 285 / 1415 (20.1) | 547 / 1416 (38.6) |
Age group | p = 0.073 | p = 0.268 | p = 0.417 |
18 to 34 years | 13 / 267 (4.9) | 44 / 261 (16.9) | 94 / 265 (35.5) |
35 to 49 years | 48 / 602 (8.0) | 122 / 607 (20.1) | 242 / 602 (40.2) |
50 years and over | 28 / 553 (5.1) | 119 / 547 (21.8) | 211 / 549 (38.4) |
Gender | p = 0.019 | p = 0.026 | p = 0.090 |
Men | 38 / 778 (4.9) | 139 / 773 (18.0) | 282 / 770 (36.6) |
Women | 51 / 644 (7.9) | 146 / 642 (22.7) | 265 / 646 (41.0) |
Education | p = 0.795 | p = 0.863 | p = 0.589 |
University | 39 / 642 (6.1) | 130 / 639 (20.3) | 251 / 637 (39.4) |
Any lower education | 50 / 780 (6.4) | 155 / 776 (20.0) | 296 / 779 (38.0) |
Country | p = 0.003 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 |
Hungary | 31 / 374 (8.3) | 80 / 370 (21.6) | 129 / 380 (34.0) |
Sweden | 7 / 299 (2.3) | 24 / 295 (8.1) | 98 / 290 (33.8) |
France | 20 / 381 (5.3) | 66 / 383 (17.2) | 117 / 377 (31.0) |
UK | 31 / 368 (8.4) | 115 / 367 (31.3) | 203 / 369 (55.0) |
Smoking | p = 0.057 | p = 0.943 | p = 0.689 |
Daily or occasional smoker | 28 / 330 (8.5) | 64 / 320 (20.0) | 124 / 329 (37.7) |
Non-smoker | 61 / 1092 (5.6) | 221 / 1095 (20.2) | 423 / 1087 (38.9) |
Frequency of alcohol drinking | p = 0.021 | p = 0.078 | p = 0.249 |
“never” (abstainer) | 19 / 164 (11.6) | 46 / 163 (28.2) | 71 / 163 (43.6) |
“once a month or less” | 17 / 300 (5.7) | 59 / 302 (19.5) | 117 / 299 (39.1) |
“2–4 times a month” | 20 / 457 (4.4) | 80 / 453 (17.7) | 159 / 457 (34.8) |
“2–3 times a week” | 19 / 343 (5.5) | 65 / 342 (19.0) | 131 / 341 (38.4) |
“4 times a week or more” | 14 / 156 (9.0) | 35 / 153 (22.9) | 68 / 154 (44.2) |
“don’t know” (non-abstainer) | 0 / 2 (0.0) | 0 / 2 (0.0) | 1 / 2 (50.0) |
Downsizing exposure | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 |
Workers with no downsizing | 27 / 664 (4.1) | 82 / 658 (12.5) | 212 / 659 (32.2) |
Strategic downsizing (no CR): redeployed | 6 / 121 (5.0) | 35 / 121 (28.9) | 60 / 122 (49.2) |
Strategic downsizing (no CR): reemployed | 7 / 111 (6.3) | 31 / 111 (27.9) | 58 / 111 (52.2) |
Reactive medium-scale downsizing (CR 10–19%): reemployed | 1 / 69 (1.4) | 8 / 72 (11.1) | 17 / 70 (24.3) |
Reactive medium-scale downsizing (CR 10–19%): survivor | 7 / 98 (7.1) | 21 / 96 (21.9) | 43 / 96 (44.8) |
Reactive medium-scale downsizing (CR 10–19%): unemployed | 12 / 106 (11.3) | 33 / 107 (30.8) | 34 / 104 (32.7) |
Reactive large-scale downsizing (CR ≥20%): reemployed | 8 / 41 (19.5) | 15 / 40 (37.5) | 18 / 40 (45.0) |
Reactive large-scale downsizing (CR ≥20%): survivor | 15 / 124 (12.1) | 31 / 122 (25.4) | 68 / 125 (54.4) |
Reactive large-scale downsizing (CR ≥20%): unemployed | 3 / 64 (4.7) | 19 / 63 (30.2) | 26 / 65 (40.0) |
Reactive downsizing, scale unknown | 3 / 24 (12.5) | 10 / 25 (40.0) | 11 / 24 (45.8) |