Table 3 Characteristics of the non-smoking residents living in home with smoke-free rules by SHS incursion
Total (%; n = 1784) | Frequency of SHS incursion | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Never (%, n = 451) | ≤1 times/month (%, n = 366) | 2–4 times/month (%, n = 452) | >4 times/month (%, n = 515) | p-valuea | ||
Socio-demographic factor | ||||||
Sex | ||||||
Men | 38.5 | 39.9 | 42.6 | 39.8 | 33.2 | 0.020 |
Women | 61.5 | 60.1 | 57.4 | 60.2 | 66.8 | |
Age (years) | ||||||
19–29 | 22.6 | 24.4 | 20.2 | 23.7 | 21.9 | 0.079 |
30–39 | 26.0 | 23.1 | 23.5 | 29.2 | 27.6 | |
40–49 | 24.8 | 20.4 | 28.1 | 23.9 | 27.0 | |
≥ 50 | 26.6 | 32.2 | 28.1 | 23.2 | 23.5 | |
Household income (USD/month) | ||||||
< 2000 | 7.8 | 10.4 | 6.0 | 5.1 | 9.3 | 0.171 |
2000–3999 | 29.6 | 30.6 | 29.2 | 29.9 | 28.7 | |
4000–5999 | 36.7 | 37.5 | 36.3 | 37.8 | 35.3 | |
6000–7999 | 15.2 | 11.1 | 18.6 | 16.8 | 15.1 | |
≥ 8000 | 10.6 | 10.4 | 9.8 | 10.4 | 11.5 | |
Education | ||||||
Less than university level | 34.8 | 37.3 | 30.1 | 33.6 | 36.9 | 0.698 |
University level | 55.5 | 54.5 | 57.9 | 54.6 | 55.5 | |
More than university level | 9.7 | 8.2 | 12.0 | 11.7 | 7.6 | |
Housing type | ||||||
Apartment | 51.6 | 50.1 | 57.9 | 53.8 | 46.6 | 0.147 |
Attached house | 48.4 | 49.9 | 42.1 | 46.2 | 53.4 | |
Time spent at home (hours/day) | ||||||
< 5 | 25.3 | 29.5 | 27.3 | 25.7 | 20.0 | <0.001 |
5–9 | 51.7 | 52.3 | 50.0 | 52.2 | 52.0 | |
≥ 10 | 22.9 | 18.2 | 22.7 | 22.1 | 28.0 | |
Number of residents (people) | ||||||
< 4 | 49.0 | 51.9 | 49.7 | 46.2 | 48.5 | 0.207 |
≥ 4 | 51.0 | 48.1 | 50.3 | 53.8 | 51.5 | |
Children living in home (aged ≤18 years) | ||||||
No | 61.0 | 70.1 | 59.0 | 58.4 | 56.9 | <0.001 |
Yes | 39.0 | 29.9 | 41.0 | 41.6 | 43.1 | |
Type of ownership | ||||||
Owned | 57.4 | 56.5 | 59.0 | 59.3 | 55.3 | 0.830 |
Leased based on deposit | 29.9 | 27.9 | 30.1 | 29.9 | 31.5 | |
Monthly rent | 12.7 | 15.5 | 10.9 | 10.8 | 13.2 | |
Duration of residence (years) | ||||||
< 2 | 27.8 | 30.4 | 24.6 | 24.1 | 31.1 | 0.495 |
2–3 | 18.7 | 17.7 | 16.9 | 20.6 | 19.2 | |
≥ 4 | 53.5 | 51.9 | 58.5 | 55.3 | 49.7 | |
Presence of other smokers inside homeb | ||||||
No | 69.6 | 72.9 | 71.0 | 64.8 | 69.7 | 0.116 |
Yes | 30.4 | 27.1 | 29.0 | 35.2 | 30.3 | |
Support for the implementation of smoke-free regulations in MUH | ||||||
No | 9.0 | 12.4 | 6.8 | 9.3 | 7.2 | 0.020 |
Yes | 91.0 | 87.6 | 93.2 | 90.7 | 92.8 | |
Built environmental factor | ||||||
Date of construction (year) | ||||||
Before 1995 | 27.3 | 27.3 | 26.8 | 24.8 | 29.9 | 0.322 |
1995–1999 | 23.5 | 23.7 | 22.4 | 24.8 | 22.9 | |
2000–2004 | 22.0 | 21.5 | 22.4 | 23.2 | 21.2 | |
2005–2009 | 14.7 | 12.6 | 18.0 | 13.5 | 15.1 | |
2010 or later | 12.5 | 14.9 | 10.4 | 13.7 | 10.9 | |
Type of corridor | ||||||
Stairwell | 77.1 | 78.7 | 78.4 | 75.0 | 76.7 | 0.142 |
Indoor corridor | 14.0 | 14.2 | 13.4 | 15.0 | 13.4 | |
Outdoor corridor | 8.9 | 7.1 | 8.2 | 10.0 | 9.9 | |
Home size (m2) | ||||||
< 66 | 25.2 | 26.8 | 22.7 | 22.1 | 28.3 | 0.038 |
66–98 | 35.8 | 32.6 | 32.5 | 38.1 | 39.0 | |
≥ 99 | 39.0 | 40.6 | 44.8 | 39.8 | 32.6 | |
Presence of balcony | ||||||
No | 22.1 | 23.3 | 25.4 | 19.9 | 20.6 | 0.128 |
Yes | 77.9 | 76.7 | 74.6 | 80.1 | 79.4 | |
Presence of air–conditioning | ||||||
No | 18.3 | 19.5 | 16.9 | 14.6 | 21.6 | 0.558 |
Yes | 81.7 | 80.5 | 83.1 | 85.4 | 78.4 | |
Method of natural ventilation | ||||||
Opening windows | 52.7 | 55.4 | 58.5 | 50.0 | 48.7 | 0.042 |
Opening front doors | 5.3 | 4.2 | 4.4 | 6.4 | 6.0 | |
Opening windows and front doors | 18.3 | 16.2 | 14.8 | 22.1 | 19.2 | |
Windows always slightly open | 23.7 | 24.2 | 22.4 | 21.5 | 26.0 | |
Frequency of natural ventilation (times/week) | ||||||
< 5 | 31.9 | 34.4 | 38.5 | 32.7 | 24.3 | <0.001 |
≥ 5 | 68.1 | 65.6 | 61.5 | 67.3 | 75.7 | |