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Table 2 Results by demographic and health characteristics for each RPA group for exercisea

From: Diabetes prevention among American Indians: the role of self-efficacy, risk perception, numeracy and cultural identity

 

Responsive

(N = 30)

Proactive

(N = 32)

Avoidant

(N = 39)

Indifferent

(N = 26)

Age; mean (sd)

41.3 (12.9)

39.8 (18.6)

38.4 (12.3)

42.1 (16.4)

Female; n (%)

25 (83.3)

26 (81.2)

36 (92.3)

21 (80.8)

Marital status; n (%)

 Married

13 (46.4)

12 (38.7)

21 (55.3)

10 (40.0)

 Divorced

2 (7.1)

5 (16.1)

5 (13.2)

7 (28.0)

 Widowed

2 (7.1)

0 (0.0)

2 (5.3)

1 (4.0)

 Never married

11 (39.3)

14 (45.2)

10 (26.3)

7 (28.0)

Education; n (%)

 Some high school

3 (11.5)

5 (16.1)

1 (2.6)

3 (12.0)

 HS grad or GED

5 (19.2)

8 (25.8)

3 (7.7)

6 (24.0)

 Some college

11 (42.3)

14 (45.2)

22 (56.4)

12 (48.0)

 College graduate

7 (26.9)

4 (12.9)

13 (33.3)

4 (16.0)

BMI; n (%)

 Normal

8 (29.6)

10 (31.2)

7 (18.4)

8 (32.0)

 Overweight

5 (18.5)

12 (37.5)

10 (26.3)

8 (32.0)

 Obese

14 (51.9)

10 (31.2)

21 (55.3)

9 (36.0)

Stage of Change: Physical Exercise; n (%)

 Maintenance

13 (43.3)

6 (21.4)

10 (25.6)

5 (20.0)

 Action

7 (23.3)

9 (32.1)

9 (23.1)

7 (28.0)

 Preparation

6 (20.0)

8 (28.6)

13 (33.3)

9 (36.0)

 Contemplation

4 (13.3)

5 (17.9)

7 (17.9)

1 (4.0)

 Precontemplation

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

3 (12.0)

Stage of Change: Eating fruit and vegetables; n (%)

 Maintenance

15 (50.0)

14 (46.7)

18 (46.2)

10 (40.0)

 Action

11 (36.7)

7 (23.3)

11 (28.2)

5 (20.0)

 Preparation

1 (3.3)

6 (20.0)

7 (17.9)

8 (32.0)

 Contemplation

3 (10.0)

3 (10.0)

2 (5.1)

1 (4.0)

 Precontemplation

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (2.6)

1 (4.0)

Gestational diabetesb; n (%)

4 (16.0)

1 (3.7)

8 (21.1)

3 (12.5)

High blood pressure; n (%)

7 (23.3)

3 (9.4)

8 (20.5)

4 (15.4)

Family history diabetes; n (%)

17 (56.7)

11 (34.4)

27 (69.2)

9 (34.6)

Numeracy; mean (sd)

1.0 (0.9)

0.7 (0.8)

1.3 (1.1)

0.9 (1.1)

American Indian cultural identity; mean (sd)

3.3 (0.8)

3.4 (0.7)

3.4 (0.7)

3.4 (0.9)

White cultural identity; mean (sd)

2.6 (0.9)

2.5 (0.7)

3.0 (0.7)

2.7 (0.9)

Knowledge; mean (sd)

6.9 (2.5)

5.3 (3.4)

6.8 (2.5)

6.0 (2.8)

  1. aOne person did not answer all of the self-efficacy questions for exercise
  2. bAmong women only
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