Table 2 Prevalence rates of smoking and binge drinking in students with scores under and above the median for self-control and cognitive functioning variables, and the association of standardised self-control and cognitive functioning with smoking and binge drinking

 Self-control^b

54.6 (45.6–64.3)

28.7 (20.4–38.8)

0.58 (0.42–0.79)

0.61 (0.43–0.86)

 Cognitive ability^b

42.7 (33.1–52.9)

41.1 (31.5–51.3)

0.80 (0.60–1.07)

1.02 (0.70–1.49)

 Reaction time^c

51.0 (41.0–61.0)

32.6 (23.9–42.8)

0.89 (0.66–1.19)

0.89 (0.63–1.25)

 Memory span Forwards^b

45.5 (35.8–55.4)

38.0 (28.6–48.5)

0.78 (0.58–1.04)

0.73 (0.52–1.02)

 Memory span Backwards^b

39.2 (29.9–49.3)

44.7 (34.9–54.9)

1.09 (0.81–1.45)

1.23 (0.89–1.70)

 Self-control^b

43.3 (33.7–53.4)

16.0 (9.78–24.9)

0.50 (0.35–0.70)

0.55 (0.37–0.82)

 Cognitive ability^b

36.5 (27.4–46.6)

23.3 (15.6–32.8)

0.60 (0.44–0.83)

0.76 (0.51–1.13)

 Reaction time^c

25.0 (17.3–34.7)

34.7 (25.8–44.9)

1.29 (0.95–1.75)

1.25 (0.87–1.78)

 Memory span Forwards^b

33.3 (24.7–43.3)

26.1 (18.1–36.1)

0.93 (0.68–1.27)

1.01 (0.71–1.44)

 Memory span Backwards^b

24.7 (17.1–34.4)

35.1 (26.1–45.4)

1.02 (0.75–1.39)

1.27 (0.90–1.81)