Table 3 Anthropometric and physical fitness parameters based on BMI categories

N (%)

13 (6.7%)

127 (65.1%)

55 (28.2%)

13 (8.2%)

116 (77.3%)

30 (18.9%)

Age (years)

14.6 ± 0.4¹

14.6 ± 0.4¹

14.6 ± 0.4¹

0.779

14.5 ± 0.3¹

14.5 ± 0.4¹

14.6 ± 0.3¹

0.258

Height (m)

1.62 ± 0.08¹

1.71 ± 0.07²

1.71 ± 0.07²

< 0.001

(ab, ac)^***

1.64 ± 0.06¹

1.62 ± 0.05¹

1.65 ± 0.06¹

0.069

Body mass (kg)

41.5 ± 6.4¹

58.3 ± 7.1²

78.7 ± 12.0³

< 0.001

(ab, ac, bc)^***

44.2 ± 4.0¹

53.5 ± 6.0²

74.7 ± 11.2³

< 0.001

(ab, ac, bc)^***

Body mass index (kg^·m⁻²)

15.7 ± 1.2¹

19.8 ± 1.7²

27.0 ± 3.1³

< 0.001

(ab, ac, bc)^***

16.4 ± 0.6¹

20.4 ± 1.8²

27.6 ± 3.6³

< 0.001

(ab, ac, bc)^***

Waist circumference (cm)

63.1 ± 4.2¹

72.4 ± 4.2²

87.8 ± 9.9³

< 0.001

(ab, ac, bc)^***

62.8 ± 4.2¹

68.7 ± 5.3²

83.5 ± 7.4³

< 0.001

(ab, ac, bc)^**

Skinfold sum (mm)

22.4 ± 2.4¹

31.4 ± 8.7¹

74.3 ± 33.3²

< 0.001

(ac, bc)^***

29.8 ± 5.3¹

47.5 ± 12.5²

91.3 ± 27.3³

< 0.001

(ab, ac, bc)^**

Body fat (%)

11.5 ± 1.4¹

15.4 ± 3.4²

25.7 ± 6.2³

< 0.001

(ab, ac, bc)^**

19.4 ± 2.2¹

24.8 ± 3.2²

33.0 ± 3.8³

< 0.001

(ab, ac, bc)^***

Grip strength (kg)

26.4 ± 5.9¹

34.5 ± 7.2²

39.1 ± 7.0³

<0.001

(ab, ac, bc)^***

23.1 ± 4.2¹

25.5 ± 3.9¹

28.8 ± 5.2²

< 0.001

(ac, bc)^***

Relative grip strength (kg^·kg BM⁻¹)

0.63 ± 0.07²

0.59 ± 0.10²

0.50 ± 0.09¹

<0.001

(ac, bc)^***

0.52 ± 0.07²

0.48 ± 0.07²

0.39 ± 0.09¹

<0.001

(ac, bc)^***

Standing long jump (cm)

171.6 ± 24.3¹

177.7 ± 22.3¹

164.6 ± 26.2¹

0.003

(bc)^**

145.7 ± 28.5³

131.9 ± 18.3²

117.3 ± 14.6¹

< 0.001

(ab, ac, bc)^*

CMJ (cm)

37.0 ± 6.7¹

39.0 ± 5.4¹

35.9 ± 5.6¹

0.002

(bc)^**

32.7 ± 4.0²

29.9 ± 4.9²

26.2 ± 4.6¹

<0.001

(ac, bc)^**

10 m sprint (s)

2.11 ± 0.17^1,2

2.09 ± 0.14¹

2.19 ± 0.14²

< 0.001

(bc)^***

2.35 ± 0.17¹

2.42 ± 0.17^1,2

2.48 ± 0.17²

0.070

20 m sprint (s)

3.67 ± 0.34^1,2

3.59 ± 0.23¹

3.82 ± 0.27²

< 0.001

(bc)^***

4.18 ± 0.31¹

4.29 ± 0.30^1,2

4.47 ± 0.34²

0.004

(ac, bc)^*

MSFT (levels)

6.0 ± 1.7¹

7.1 ± 1.7²

4.9 ± 1.7¹

< 0.001

(bc)^***

3.8 ± 1.2²

3.7 ± 1.0^1,2

3.0 ± 1.0¹

0.008

(bc)^*

MSFT (m)

837 ± 311¹

1069 ± 353²

624 ± 300¹

<0.001

(bc)^***

445 ± 194¹

429 ± 178¹

323 ± 156¹

0.011

(bc)^*

VO_2max (ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹)

43.0 ± 4.7¹

46.6 ± 4.7²

40.6 ± 4.5¹

< 0.001

(ab, bc)^*

37.6 ± 3.0¹

37.6 ± 2.9¹

35.8 ± 2.8¹

0.008

(bc)^**

Sit and reach (cm)

18.1 ± 6.8¹

20.8 ± 7.0¹

22.5 ± 6.7¹

0.095

25.3 ± 7.9¹

26.2 ± 6.4¹

28.0 ± 5.8¹

0.309