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Table 6 Changes in morning cortisol, evening cortisol, and morning-to-evening slope among participants with and without long-term sickness absence during a two-year follow-up period

From: The associations between workplace bullying, salivary cortisol, and long-term sickness absence: a longitudinal study

 

Changes in cortisol concentrations

Difference in the change in cortisol concentration between participants with long-term sickness absence and no-long term sickness absence (reference).

No long-term sickness absence

Long-term sickness absence

Crude difference

95% CI

Adjusteda difference

95% CI

Morning cortisolb

2.25

2.36

0.11

−1.40-1.62

−0.38

−1.90-1.15

Evening cortisolb

0.39

0.31

−0.08

−0.49-0.33

−0.19

−0.61-0.22

Morning-to-evening slopec

−1.76

−1.85

−0.09

−1.60-1.42

0.21

−1.39-1.80

  1. aAdjusted for gender, age, round, cohort, awakening time (baseline and follow-up), sampling time (baseline and follow-up) and changes from baseline to follow-up in: smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, body mass index, and education
  2. bChanges in cortisol concentration (nmol/l) during the two-year follow-up period
  3. cChanges in the difference between morning and evening cortisol (nmol/l) during the two-year follow-up period