Table 1 Description of study households in 2009 and 2010 (N = number of households)
n(%) | χ 2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Variables | 2009(N = 1424) | 2010 (N = 1796) | |
Having elderly members | |||
0–1 | 1069 (75.07) | 1373 (76.45) | 0.82 |
≥ 2 | 355 (24.93) | 423 (23.55) | |
Having children under five | |||
No | 1320 (92.70) | 1741 (96.94) | 30.43*** |
Yes | 104 (7.30) | 55 (3.06) | |
Household scale | |||
1-2members | 542 (38.06) | 830 (46.21) | 24.25*** |
3–4 members | 678 (47.61) | 711 (39.59) | |
≥ 5 members | 204 (14.33) | 255 (14.20) | |
Gender of household head | |||
Female | 226 (15.87) | 254 (14.14) | 1.87 |
Male | 1198 (84.13) | 1542 (85.86) | |
Age of household head | |||
Below averagea | 755 (53.02) | 954 (53.12) | 0.003 |
Over average | 669 (46.98) | 842 (46.88) | |
Educational level household head | |||
Illiteracy or Elementary | 978 (68.68) | 1194 (66.48) | 1.75 |
Junior high school and above | 446 (31.32) | 602 (33.52) | |
Employment status of Household head | |||
Unemployment | 320 (22.47) | 467 (26.00) | 5.36* |
Employment | 1104 (77.53) | 1329 (74.00) | |
Having chronic disease members | |||
No | 782 (54.92) | 1020 (56.79) | 1.14 |
Yes | 642 (45.08) | 776 (43.21) | |
Inpatient service usageb | |||
No | 1247 (87.57) | 1636 (91.09) | 10.44*** |
Yes | 177 (12.43) | 160 (8.91) | |
Outpatient service usagec | |||
No | 1307 (91.78) | 1728 (96.21) | 28.70*** |
Yes | 117 (8.22) | 68 (3.79) | |
Absence of NCMSd | |||
No | 1210 (84.97) | 1420 (79.06) | 18.32*** |
Yes | 214 (15.03) | 376 (20.94) | |
Absence of commercial health insurancee | |||
No | 251 (17.63) | 141 (7.85) | 70.79*** |
Yes | 1173 (82.37) | 1655 (92.15) | |
Income-based group | |||
Quintile 1 (poorest) | 284 (19.94) | 359 (19.99) | 0.001 |
Quintile 2 (poorer) | 285 (20.01) | 359 (19.99) | |
Quintile 3 (middle) | 285 (20.01) | 359 (19.99) | |
Quintile 4 (richer) | 285 (20.01) | 359 (19.99) | |
Quintile 5 (richest) | 285 (20.01) | 360 (20.04) | |