Body mass index and type 2 diabetes in Thai adults: defining risk thresholds and population impacts

BMC Public Health

Table 1 Thai Cohort Study: baseline characteristics (2005) by diabetes outcome in 2013

	Men N = 17607^a			Women N = 21900^a
	T2DM incidence^c	%^d	p ^e	T2DM incidence ^c	%^d	p ^e
Total	438/17607	2.5		260/21900	1.2
Age years
Under 30	61/7029	0.9	<0.001	60/12097	1.0	<0.001
30–39	166/6634	2.5		108/7101	1.5
40 or over	211/3944	5.4		92/2702	3.4
BMI-Asian (kg/m²) cut-points^b
Underweight (<18.49)	5/962	0.5	<0.001	3/4221	0.1	<0.001
Normal (18.5- < 23.0)	67/8208	0.8		56/12789	0.4
At risk (23.0- < 25.0)	76/4034	1.9		45/ 2347	1.9
Obese I (25.0- < 30.0)	196/3631	5.4		98/ 1858	5.3
Obese II (>30.0)	86/520	16.5		56/ 451	12.4
Income (Baht/month)
< 10,000	146/ 8930	1.6	<0.001	121/ 13,996	0.9	<0.001
10,001–20,000	148/ 5590	2.7		79/ 5338	1.5
> 20,001	134/ 2820	4.8		54/ 2087	2.6
Education level
Junior high school	21/ 769	2.7	0.16	6/ 376	1.6	0.90
High school	177/ 7991	2.2		94/ 7948	1.2
Diploma/certificate	101/ 3994	2.5		79/ 6670	1.2
University	137/ 4815	2.8		79/ 6849	1.2
Childhood area of residence
Rural	290/13377	2.2	<0.001	158/ 15,871	1.0	<0.001
Urban	141/ 4045	3.5		96/ 5846	1.6
Fruit and vegetable serves/day
< 5 serves	310/ 11,658	2.7	0.05	156/ 12,619	1.2	0.37
> 5 serves	115/ 5360	2.2		95/ 8625	1.1
Sugar sweetened beverage intake
Less than daily	404/ 16,376	2.5	0.24	230/ 20,424	1.1	<0.01
> daily	33/ 1083	3.0		28/ 1292	2.2
Smoking
Never smoked	147/ 8342	1.8	<0.001	237/ 20,290	1.2	0.17
Ex-smoker	151/ 5437	2.8		6/ 691	0.9
Current smoker	115/ 3024	3.8		4/ 149	2.7
Alcohol intake
Never drinks	29/ 1868	1.6	<0.001	123/ 9005	1.4	0.14
Quit	59/ 1777	3.3		12/ 1475	0.8
Occasional drinker	280/ 12,037	2.3		119/ 11,012	1.1
Regular drinker	67/ 1780	3.8		1/ 120	0.8

^aNumbers may not add to total sample size due to missing responses for some characteristics
^bBody mass Index (BMI) defined using the WHO International Obesity Taskforce recommendations
^cIncident cases cumulating by 2013 divided by population without diabetes at baseline
^dCumulative incidence over 8 years T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus
^eChi Square p value comparing baseline characteristics among participants by T2DM status in 2013

ISSN: 1471-2458