Childhood obesity and adult cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Umer, Amna; Kelley, George A.; Cottrell, Lesley E.; Giacobbi, Peter; Innes, Kim E.; Lilly, Christa L.

doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4691-z

BMC Public Health

Table 1 Study and participant characteristics

From: Childhood obesity and adult cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Study-cohort name	Study start year	Country	Study design	N Baseline	Age exposure assessed	Age outcome assessed	Exposure	Outcome	Adj. adult BMI	Sex
Abraham et al., 1971 (HMS) [64]	1923	USA	Prospective Cohort	1087	9–12	48	Relative over weight	SBP, DBP, TC	No	Male
Barker et al., 2005 (HBCS) [65]	1934	Finland	Retrospective longitudinal study	2003	2–11 (age used in our study 2)	62	BMI	SBP, TC, TG	Yes (only)	Overall
Berkey et al., 1998 (LSCHD) [66]	1929	USA	Prospective longitudinal study	67	17	30	BMI	SBP	No	Male (this study) Female
Eisenmann et al., 2005 (ACLS) [67]	1970	USA	Longitudinal, prospective epidemiological study	48	16	27	BMI, WC, %BF	SBP, DBP, TC, HDL, TG	No	Overall
Freedman et al., 2001 (BHS) [4]	1973	USA	Cross panel design later longitudinal component	2617	10	27	BMI, Triceps ST	SBP, DBP, TC, LDL, HDL, TG	Yes	Overall
Graversen et al., 2014 (NFBC 1966) [68]	1966	Finland	Population based cohort	4111	2–5 (age used in our study 5)	31	BMI	SBP, DBP, HDL, TG	No	Overall
Gustafsson et al., 2011 (NSC) [69]	1981	Sweden	Prospective cohort study	1083; F = 506 M = 577	16	21 (this study), 30, 43	BMI	SBP, DBP	No	Male Female
Kanade et al., 2011 (CBCI) [71]	1979	India	Community base prospective cohort study	387	3, 15	24	BMI	SBP, DBP, TG	No	Male
Klumbiene et al., 2000 (JHL) [72]	1977	Lithuania	Longitudinal cohort	505 M = 217 F = 288	12–13	32–33	BMI, Triceps ST, Sub-scapular ST	SBP, DBP	No	Male Female
Kneisley et al., 1990 (BPS-TM) [73]	1959	USA	Retrospective Cohort Study	576 M = 271 F = 305	7	32	Sub-scapular ST	SBP	No	Male Female
Koziel et al., 2011 (WGS) [74]	1961	Poland	Longitudinal Study	M = 124 F = 139	8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18	50	BMI	SBP	Yes (only)	Male Female
Holland et al., 1993 (NSHD) [70]^a	1946	England, Wales, Scotland	Prospective longitudinal study	3332 at birth	4–7, 11–14	36	BMI	SBP, DBP	No	Male Female
Lauer et al., 1993 (MS) [75]^b	1971	USA	Longitudinal Cohort	M = 677 F = 748 M = 492 F = 528	7–8, 9–10, 11–12, 13–14, 15–16, 17–18; 13–14, 15–16, 17–18	20–25, 26–30	BMI	SBP, DBP	No	Male Female
Li et al., 2007 (BBC- 1958) [76]	1958	England, Wales and Scotland	Longitudinal, Birth Cohort	9297	7, 11, 16	33, 45 (this study)	BMI	SBP, DBP	Yes	Overall
Liddle et al., 2012 (MUSP) [77]	1981	Australia	Longitudinal Birth Cohort study	1755	5	21	BMI, Triceps ST	SBP, DBP	No	Overall
Lyngdoh et al., 2013 (SCDC) [78]	1989	The Republic of Seychelles	Longitudinal cohort	390 M = 175 F = 215	12–15	19–20	BMI	SBP, DBP, LDL, HDL, TG	Yes	Overall Male Female
Miura et al., 2001 (YAJS) [79]	1965	Japan	20-year FU data using record linkage of a Birth cohort	M = 2198 F = 2428	3	20	BMI	SBP, DBP, TC	No	Male Female
^{^}Pereira et al., 2013 (BBC- 1958) [80]	1958	England, Wales and Scotland	Large Population based Birth Cohort	M = 3927 F = 3897	7, 11, 16	23, 33, 42, 45	BMI	TC, LDL, HDL, TG, non-HDL	No	Male Female
Porkka et al., 1994 (YFS) [81]	1980	Finland	Longitudinal Cohort	3596	3–9, 12–18 (this study)	24–30	BMI, Sub-scapular ST	TC, LDL, HDL, TG	No	Male Female
Schmidt et al., 2011 (ASHFS-CDAHS) [82]	1985	Australia	Prospective cohort study	2188	7–15	26–32	BMI, WC, WHR, weight to height ratio, sum ST	SBP, DBP, HDL, TG	No	Overall
Skidmore et al., 2007 (NSHD) [83]	1946	England, Wales and Scotland	Prospective longitudinal birth cohort study	5362 births (2311 for the analysis)	2, 4, 7, 11, 15	53	BMI	TC, LDL, HDL	No	Overall
Weitz et al., 2014 (LS-Mid-TC) [84]	1966	Six Solomon Island	Longitudinal	540 M = 169 F = 219	0–5, 6–11, 12–19 (6–11, 12–19 for this study)	25	BMI, Sub-scapular ST	TC, TG	No	Male Female
Wright et al., 2001 (NTFCS) [85]	1947	UK	Prospective birth cohort	1142 at birth, 2/3rd followed till age 15	9, 13	50		SBP, DBP, TC, LDL, HDL, TG	Yes	Male Female

SBP systolic blood pressure; DBP diastolic blood pressure; TC total cholesterol; HDL high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; non-HDL non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG triglycerides; BMI body mass index; WC waist circumference; ST skinfold thickness; BF body fat; WHR waist to hip ratio; ACLS Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study; ASHFS-CDAHS Australian Schools Health and Fitness Survey-Childhood Determinants of Adult Health Study; BHS Bogalusa Heart Study; BPS-TM Blood Pressure Study in Tecumseh Michigan; BBC-1958 British Birth Cohort 1958; CBCI, Community Based Cohort study India; HMS Hagerstown Morbidity Study; HBCS Helsinki Birth Cohort Study; JHL Study of Juvenile Hypertension in Lithuania; LSCHD Longitudinal Study of Child Health and Development; LS, Mid-TC Longitudinal Study of the Mid-20th Century; MS Muscatine Study; MUSP Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy; NSC Northern Swedish Cohort; NFBC 1966, Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study; NSHD, Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development; NTFCS Thousand Families Cohort Study; SCDC Seychelles Child Development Study; YFS Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns; WGS Wroclaw Growth Study; YAJS Young Adult Japanese Study
^aHolland et al., 1993 and Pereira et al., 2013 not included in the meta-analysis
^bLauer et al., 1993 (MS) Adults who had their blood pressure measured during their school years were recalled for re-exam at ages 23 or 28. Children with data from 2 adult intervals: 20–25 and 26–30 was used in this study

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ISSN: 1471-2458

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