Maternal cell phone use in early pregnancy and child’s language, communication and motor skills at 3 and 5 years: the Norwegian mother and child cohort study (MoBa)

Table 2 Associations between maternal cell phone use in early pregnancy and child’s lower sentence complexity at 3 years

	Risk for lower sentence complexity at 3 years
	N (%) of cases	OR	95% CI
Maternal cell phone use in early pregnancy
Crude model (n = 45,389)
No use (n = 4428)	1232 (28%)	Ref.
Any use (n = 40,961)	9028 (22%)	0.73	0.68, 0.79
Low use (n = 17,690)	4216 (24%)	0.81	0.75, 0.87
Medium use (n = 21,292)	4443 (21%)	0.68	0.64, 0.74
High use (n = 1979)	369 (19%)	0.59	0.52, 0.68
p-for trend		*<0.001*
Adjusted model 1 (n = 45,389)
No use (n = 4428)	1232 (28%)	Ref.
Any use (n = 40,961)	9028 (22%)	0.83	0.77, 0.89
Low use (n = 17,690)	4216 (24%)	0.87	0.81, 0.94
Medium use (n = 21,292)	4443 (21%)	0.78	0.72, 0.84
High use (n = 1979)	369 (19%)	0.71	0.62, 0.81
p-for trend		*<0.001*
Adjusted model 2 (n = 10,885)
No use (n = 375)	111 (30%)	Ref.
Any use (n = 10,510)	2155 (21%)	0.73	0.58, 0.92
Low use (n = 3688)	798 (22%)	0.73	0.58, 0.93
Medium use (n = 6220)	1241 (20%)	0.72	0.57, 0.92
High use (n = 602)	116 (19%)	0.75	0.55, 1.03
p-for trend		0.173

Bold fonts indicate statistical significant results, that are either confidence intervals that do not include 1 or p-for trend <0.05
N (%) represents the number (and percentages) of children with lower sentence complexity (incomplete grammar; moderate language delay; severe language delay; speech problems) in each category of cell phone use
Adjusted model 1 includes parity, maternal age and education and year of delivery
Adjusted model 2 includes the variables of adjusted model 1 and maternal extrovert personality score (low/average/high)

ISSN: 1471-2458