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Table 1 Distribution of maternal, pregnancy and child characteristics by category of cell phone use in early pregnancy

From: Maternal cell phone use in early pregnancy and child’s language, communication and motor skills at 3 and 5 years: the Norwegian mother and child cohort study (MoBa)

 

Cell phone use in early pregnancy (n = 45,389)

No use

(n = 4428)

Any use

(40,961)

N

%

N

%

Maternal characteristics

 Maternal age

  < 30 years

1433

32.4

18,011

44.0

  30–34 years

2275

51.4

18,053

44.1

   ≥ 35 years

720

16.2

4897

11.9

 Year of delivery

  1999–2004

3208

74.6

13,465

33.0

  2005–2006

834

19.4

13,562

33.2

  2007–2009

256

6.0

13,823

33.8

 Parity

  Primiparous

1364

29.5

21,264

50.0

  Multiparous

3255

70.5

21,240

50.0

 Education

   ≤ 12 years

1507

34.0

11,111

27.1

  13–16 years

2026

45.8

18,177

44.4

   ≥ 17 years

895

20.2

11,673

28.5

 Parental income

  Both parents low income

1698

39.4

10,196

25.4

  Either parent high income

2049

47.5

16,714

41.6

  Both parents high income

567

13.1

13,239

33.0

  Missing

926 (2.0%)

   

 Maternal occupation

  Public sector/military

2372

53.7

19,292

47.2

  Private sector/self-employed

1274

28.9

16,161

39.5

  Other

767

17.4

5424

13.3

  Missing

99 (0.2%)

   

 Smoking prior to pregnancy

  No

3537

79.9

30,366

74.1

  Occasionally

282

6.4

4129

10.1

  Daily

609

13.7

6466

15.8

 Alcohol consumption prior to pregnancy

  Never/less than once per month

1998

49.7

13,789

35.0

  1–3 times/month

1317

32.7

14,328

36.4

  ≥ 1 time/week

707

17.6

11,289

28.6

  Missing

1961 (4.3%)

   

 Maternal extrovert personality score

  Low

140

37.3

2228

21.2

  Average

210

56.0

6943

66.1

  High

25

6.7

1339

12.7

  Missing

34,504 (76.0%)

   

Parental phone use

  Frequency of cell phone use in early pregnancya

  Low use

0

0

17,690

43.2

  Medium use

0

0

21,292

52.0

  High use

0

0

1979

4.8

 Maternal cell phone use in late pregnancy

  No use

3340

76.7

1885

4.7

  Low use

987

22.7

17,524

43.8

  Medium use

27

0.6

19,287

48.2

  High use

1

0.02

1288

3.2

  Missing

1050 (2.3%)

   

 Paternal cell phone use during pregnancy

  No use

620

22.7

621

3.5

  Low use

1023

37.4

4404

24.9

  Medium use

956

35.0

10,509

59.4

  High use

133

4.9

2158

12.2

  Missing

24,965 (55.0%)

   
  1. p-value <0.001 for chi-square test for all the shown comparisons
  2. aPercentages correspond to within rows percentages, not columns