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Table 3 Results of logistic regressions exploring the association between self-reported need for social care and sociodemographic characteristics. n = 6462 in all modelsa

From: Estimating the variation in need for community-based social care by body mass index in England and associated cost: population-based cross-sectional study

 

Unadjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI)

Adjusted Odds Ratios Model 1 (95% CI)

Adjusted Odds Ratios Model 2 (95% CI)

Adjusted Odds Ratios Model 3 (95% CI)

BMI (excludes missing)

1.05 (1.04 to 1.07)**

   

BMI

1.05 (1.04 to 1.07)**

0.36 (0.21 to 0.62)**

0.48 (0.27 to 0.85)*

0.44 (0.25 to 0.78)**

BMI2

 

1.03 (1.02 to 1.05)**

1.02 (1.00 to 1.04)*

1.03 (1.01 to 1.05)**

BMI3

 

1.00 (1.00 to 1.00)**

1.00 (1.00 to 1.00)*

1.00 (1.00 to 1.00)*

BMI category

  < 18.5

2.61 (0.22 to 0.67)**

   

 18.5 to <25

Ref

   

 25 to <30

0.95 (0.80 to 1.12)

   

 30 to <40

1.75 (1.47 to 2.08)**

   

 40+

3.19 (2.13 to 4.77)**

   

 Missing

4.03 (3.38 to 4.81)**

   

Limiting long term illness

 No

Ref

 

Ref

 

 Yes

14.18 (12.40 to 16.21)**

 

12.70 (10.99 to 14.68)**

 

Limiting long term illness excluding any diabetes

 No

Ref

  

Ref

  Yes

7.81 (6.93 to 8.79)**

  

7.21 (6.34 to 8.21)**

Limiting illness excluding any diabetes or heart-related/stroke

 No

Ref

   

 Yes

5.73 (5.10 to 6.45)**

   

Sex

    

 Female

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Male

0.61 (0.55 to 0.67)**

0.70 (0.63 to 0.79)**

0.70 (0.61 to 0.80)**

0.74 (0.65 to 0.84)**

Age (years)

 65–69

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 70–74

1.60 (1.37 to 1.88)**

1.60 (1.35 to 1.88)

1.50 (1.25 to 1.81)**

1.56 (1.31 to 1.86)**

 75–79

2.18 (1.83 to 2.59)**

2.10 (1.75 to 2.51)**

1.89 (1.54 to 2.31)**

1.99 (1.64 to 2.41)**

 80–84

4.71 (3.94 to 5.64)**

5.03 (4.15 to 6.09)**

3.99 (3.16 to 5.03)**

4.30 (3.47 to 5.34)**

 85+

9.08 (7.42 to 11.11)**

9.89 (7.92 to 12.36)**

9.29 (7.21 to 11.98)**

9.17 (7.24 to 11.63)**

Ethnic Origin

 White

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Asian

1.81 (1.18 to 2.76)**

1.96 (1.23 to 3.12)**

1.81 (1.04 to 3.15)*

2.70 (1.56 to 4.67)**

 Black

1.05 (0.65 to 1.72)

0.66 (0.39 to 1.10)

0.70 (0.42 to 1.16)

0.80 (0.49 to 1.31)

 Other

1.09 (0.54 to 2.17)

1.26 (0.62 to 2.57)

1.38 (0.49 to 3.92)

1.41 (0.51 to 3.93)

 Missing

1.91 (0.92 to 3.96)

1.19 (0.50 to 2.83)

1.20 (0.50 to 2.86)

1.38 (0.61 to 3.17)

IMD quintile

 1 least deprived

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 2

1.29 (1.09 to 1.51)**

1.11 (0.93 to 1.33)

1.08 (0.87 to 1.32)

1.11 (0.91 to 1.35)

 3

1.45 (1.22 to 1.72)**

1.28 (1.07 to 1.53)**

1.10 (0.90 to 1.35)

1.17 (0.96 to 1.43)

 4

1.94 (1.62 to 2.31)**

1.55 (1.27 to 1.88)**

1.35 (1.09 to 1.67)**

1.46 (1.18 to 1.79)**

 5 most deprived

3.00 (2.47 to 3.63)**

2.42 (1.94 to 3.03)**

2.02 (1.58 to 2.58)**

2.22 (1.76 to 2.81)**

Equivalised income tertile

 Lowest

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Middle

0.67 (0.58 to 0.77)**

0.81 (0.69 to 0.95)*

0.88 (0.73 to 1.05)

0.83 (0.70 to 0.99)*

 Highest

0.33 (0.27 to 0.41)**

0.49 (0.39 to 0.61)**

0.62 (0.48 to 0.81)**

0.56 (0.44 to 0.71)**

 Missing

0.95 (0.82 to 1.09)

0.86 (0.74 to 1.01)

0.97 (0.81 to 1.16)

0.94 (0.79 to 1.11)

Marital status

 Not married or cohabiting

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Married or cohabiting

0.44 (0.39 to 0.49)**

0.67 (0.55 to 0.82)**

0.69 (0.56 to 0.86)**

0.68 (0.55 to 0.83)**

Adults in household

0.75 (0.68 to 0.84)**

1.19 (1.02 to 1.38)*

1.06 (0.90 to 1.24)

1.09 (0.94 to 1.27)

Children in household

1.56 (1.12 to 2.19)**

1.24 (0.86 to 1.78)

1.58 (1.09 to 2.27)*

1.35 (0.96 to 1.89)

  1. a Model 2 is adjusted for limiting long term illness, in addition to the sociodemographic characteristics also considered in model 1; model 3 is the same as model 2 but uses a definition of long term illness which does not include diabetes
  2. ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05