Table 1 Parameter values and the estimated population attributable fraction for colorectal cancer in Malaysia, 2013
From: Immediately modifiable risk factors attributable to colorectal cancer in Malaysia
Risk factor | Description | Prevalence% (95% CI)a | Relative risk (95% CI) | meta-analysis study for relative risk | Colorectal cancer cases | PAF% (95% CI) | Preventable cases (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alcohol (current drinkers, ≥18 years) | Men | 13.7 (12.6–14.7) | 1.62 (1.31–2.21) | [22] | 201 | 7.8 (3.8–12.9) | 16 (8–26) |
Women | 0.4 (0.035–0.5) | 1.54 (1.04–2.29) | [22] | 168 | 2.1 (0–6) | 4 (0–9) | |
By ethnicity | |||||||
Malay | 0.8 (0.04–0.1) | 1.52 (1.21–1.81) | [22] | 174 | 0.4 (0.01–0.8) | 0 (0–1) | |
Chinese | 26.6 (24.5–28.5) | 1.52 (1.21–1.81) | [22] | 134 | 12.2 (4.9–8.0) | 16 (7–25) | |
Indian | 14.9 (12.8–17.8) | 1.52 (1.21–1.81) | [22] | 22 | 7.2 (2.6–18.8) | 2 (1–3) | |
Others | 7.7 (4.7–10.8) | 1.52 (1.21–1.81) | [22] | 35 | 3.8 (2.2–18.8) | 2 (1–3) | |
Physical inactivity (an inverse of physical activity) | Men | 35.3 (34.3–36.3) | 1.32 (1.22–1.41) | [23] | 201 | 10.1 (7–13) | 20 (14–26) |
Women | 50.5 (49.5–51.5) | 1.26 (1.13–1.41) | [23] | 168 | 11.6 (6–17.4) | 20 (10–29) | |
By ethnicity | |||||||
Malay | 42.4 (41.3–43.4) | 1.28 (1.16–1.42) | [23] | 174 | 10.6 (6.2–15.4) | 18 (11–27) | |
Chinese | 47.1 (45.6–48.7) | 1.28 (1.16–1.42) | [23] | 134 | 11.7 (6.8–17) | 16 (9–23) | |
Indian | 44.5 (42.2–46.7) | 1.28 (1.16–1.42) | [23] | 22 | 11.7 (6.3–16.4) | 2 (1–4) | |
Others | 41.3 (38.2–44.4) | 1.28 (1.16–1.42) | [23] | 35 | 10.4 (5.8–15.8) | 4 (1–5) | |
Overweight | Men | 29.7 (28.9–30.5) | 1.16 (1.07–1.27) | [21] | 201 | 4.5 (2–7.6) | 9 (4–15) |
Women | 28.6 (27.9–29.3) | 1.03 (0.96–1.1) | [21] | 168 | 0.9 (0–2.8) | 1 (0–5) | |
By ethnicity | |||||||
Malay | 29.8 (28.5–35.1) | 1.09 (1.02–1.15) | [21] | 174 | 4.5 (2–7.6) | 5 (1–6) | |
Chinese | 28.5 (27.3–29.6) | 1.09 (1.02–1.15) | [21] | 134 | 2.5 (0.5–4.3) | 3 (1–6) | |
Indian | 33.2 (31.4–35.1) | 1.09 (1.02–1.15) | [21] | 22 | 2.9 (0.4–5) | 1 (0–1) | |
Others | 20.8 (18.8–23) | 1.09 (1.02–1.15) | [21] | 35 | 2.9 (0.4–5) | 1 (0–1) | |