Table 5 Associated injuries among adult motorcycle traffic accident trauma patients
Original cohort | Propensity score-matched cohort | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Associated injuries | Helmet use Yes n = 7735 | Helmet use No n = 863 | Odds ratio (95%) | P | Helmet use Yes n = 856 | Helmet use No n = 856 | Odds ratio (95%) | P |
Head trauma, n (%) | ||||||||
Neurologic deficit | 69(0.9) | 15(1.7) | 0.5(0.29–0.89) | 0.017 | 8(0.9) | 15(1.8) | 0.5(0.22–1.25) | 0.142 |
Cranial fracture | 444(5.7) | 175(20.3) | 0.2(0.20–0.29) | <0.001 | 53(6.2) | 173(20.2) | 0.3(0.19–0.36) | <0.001 |
Epidural hematoma (EDH) | 283(3.7) | 124(14.4) | 0.2(0.18–0.28) | <0.001 | 38(4.4) | 12(14.5) | 0.3(0.19–0.40) | <0.001 |
Subdural hematoma (SDH) | 647(8.4) | 245(28.4) | 0.2(0.20–0.27) | <0.001 | 87(10.2) | 245(28.6) | 0.3(0.22–0.37) | <0.001 |
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) | 770(10.0) | 228(26.4) | 0.3(0.26–0.36) | <0.001 | 91(10.6) | 227(26.5) | 0.3(0.25–0.43) | <0.001 |
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) | 169(2.2) | 48(5.6) | 0.4(0.27–0.53) | <0.001 | 19(2.2) | 48(5.6) | 0.4(0.22–0.66) | <0.001 |
Cerebral contusion | 353(4.6) | 120(13.9) | 0.3(0.24–0.37) | <0.001 | 43(5.0) | 120(14.0) | 0.3(0.23–0.47) | <0.001 |
Cervical vertebra fracture | 60(0.8) | 15(1.7) | 0.4(0.25–0.78) | 0.004 | 4(0.5) | 15(1.8) | 0.3(0.09–0.80) | 0.011 |
Maxillofacial trauma, n (%) | ||||||||
Nasal fracture | 111(1.4) | 20(2.3) | 0.6(0.38–0.99) | 0.045 | 12(1.4) | 20(2.3) | 0.6(0.29–1.22) | 0.153 |
Maxillary fracture | 731(9.5) | 123(14.3) | 0.6(0.51–0.77) | <0.001 | 85(9.9) | 122(14.3) | 0.7(0.49–0.89) | 0.006 |
Mandibular fracture | 234(3.0) | 39(4.5) | 0.7(0.47–0.93) | 0.018 | 21(2.5) | 39(4.6) | 0.5(0.31–0.90) | 0.018 |