Table 1 Means, standard deviations, and differences between means of determinants of handwashing (depressed vs. non-depressed children)
Behavioral determinants | Depresse N = 291 | Non-depressed N = 238 | Differences between groups | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sig. (2-tailed) | Cohen’s | |||
M (SD) | M (SD) | p | d | |
Risk factors | ||||
Perceived vulnerability | 2.66 (1.26) | 3.03 (1.21) | .0001 | 0.30 |
Perceived severity | 2.74 (1.26) | 3.23 (1.17) | .0001 | 0.40 |
Health Knowledge | 0.20 (0.13) | 0.24 (0.13) | .0001 | 0.30 |
Attitude factors | ||||
Instrumental beliefs | 1.84 (0.65) | 1.64 (0.61) | .0001 | 0.32 |
Affective beliefs-liking | 3.63 (0.72) | 3.83 (0.53) | .0001 | 0.32 |
Affective beliefs-disgust | 2.82 (1.01) | 3.02 (1.08) | .020 | 0.20 |
Norm factors | ||||
Descriptive norm | 2.30 (0.96) | 2.40 (1.09) | ns | – |
Injunctive norm | 3.27 (0.90) | 3.57 (0.83) | .0001 | 0.35 |
Ability factors | ||||
Action knowledge | 0.79 (0.31) | 0.83 (0.29) | ns | – |
Action self-efficacy | 3.09 (0.96) | 3.15 (1.07) | ns | – |
Maintenance self-efficacy | 2.79 (1.02) | 3.04 (1.11) | .006 | 0.24 |
Self-regulation factors | ||||
Action control | 3.18 (0.90) | 3.41 (0.82) | .001 | 0.27 |
Remembering | 3.17 (0.82) | 3.45 (0.76) | .0001 | 0.35 |
Commitment | 3.11 (0.63) | 3.34 (0.62) | .0001 | 0.37 |
Additional factors | ||||
Habit | 2.79 (0.94) | 2.95 (1.04) | ns | – |
Intention | 3.24 (0.81) | 3.59 (0.68) | .00001 | 0.47 |