Determinants of childhood stunting in the Democratic Republic of Congo: further analysis of Demographic and Health Survey 2013–14

Kismul, Hallgeir; Acharya, Pawan; Mapatano, Mala Ali; Hatløy, Anne

doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4621-0

Table 1 Sample distribution and prevalence of Stunting among under five year children; the Democratic Republic of Congo 2013–14

From: Determinants of childhood stunting in the Democratic Republic of Congo: further analysis of Demographic and Health Survey 2013–14

Characteristics	Sample		Moderate	Severe	Total Stunting(<−2SD)
Characteristics	%	n	Stunting %	Stunting %	%	95% CI
Age					p < 0.001
< 6 months	10.8	976	8	6.7	14.7	[12.0,17.7]
6–11 months	9.8	888	9.9	13.2	23.1	[18.9,27.8]
12–23 months	18.9	1707	21.4	17.7	39.1	[35.9,42.3]
24–35 months	20.4	1840	23.4	26.8	50.2	[47.1,53.4]
36–47 months	19.7	1783	24.7	29.3	54.0	[50.7,57.3]
48–59 months	20.4	1838	23.2	28.9	52.1	[48.8,55.3]
Total	100	9030	20.2	22.5	42.7	[41.3,44.2]
Sex					p < 0.01
Male	50.0	4517	20.4	24.9	45.2	[43.2,47.3]
Female	50.0	4513	20.1	20.1	40.2	[38.2,42.2]
Total	100	9030	20.2	22.5	42.7	[41.3,44.2]
Distal factors
Mother's education					p < 0.001
None	19.7	1641	20.1	30.6	50.8	[47.5,54.0]
Primary	43.7	3632	21.3	25.8	47.1	[44.8,49.4]
Secondary	35.4	2945	20.1	13.1	33.2	[30.9,35.6]
Higher	1.2	97	9.8	3.3	13.1	[7.3,22.5]
Total	100	8315	20.5	22.0	42.5	[41.0,44.0]
Wealth quintile					p < 0.001
Richest	16.1	1456	14.0	9.0	22.9	[20.2,26.0]
Richer	18.5	1671	20.4	21.0	41.4	[37.9,45.0]
Middle	20.4	1843	22.3	23.5	45.8	[42.6,49.0]
Poorer	22.4	2018	22.2	26.1	48.3	[45.1,51.5]
Poorest	22.6	2042	20.8	28.8	49.7	[46.9,52.5]
Total	100	9030	20.2	22.5	42.7	[41.3,44.2]
Residence					p < 0.001
Urban	30.2	2728	18.7	13.8	32.5	[30.3,34.7]
Rural	69.8	6302	20.9	26.2	47.2	[45.4,49.0]
Total	100	9030	20.2	22.5	42.7	[41.3,44.2]
Intermediate factors
Mothers age at delivery					p = 0.084
< 20 years	14.5	1307	24.0	22.5	46.5	[43.0,50.1]
20–34 years	63.2	5704	19.9	22.0	41.9	[40.1,43.7]
> =35 years	22.4	2020	18.9	23.8	42.6	[39.6,45.7]
Total	100	9030	20.2	22.5	42.7	[41.3,44.2]
Mother’s body mass index					p < 0.001
Thin	11.8	944	22.7	22.8	45.4	[41.0,50.0]
Normal	72.6	5829	20.8	23.3	44.1	[42.4,45.9]
Overweight	15.6	1252	17.4	15.7	33.1	[29.5,36.8]
Total	100	8025	20.5	22.0	42.6	[41.1,44.1]
Birth interval					p < 0.001
First Birth	18.1	1470	21.9	19.1	41.0	[37.7,44.4]
< 24 months	21.6	1755	18.9	29.4	48.3	[44.9,51.8]
24–47 months	47.35	3856	21.3	21.1	42.4	[40.3,44.6]
48 months or more	13.1	1063	17.8	17.0	34.7	[30.9,38.8]
Total	100	8143	20.4	22.0	42.4	[40.9,43.9]
Family size					p = 0.532
Small(<4)	22.3	1711	21.6	20.3	41.8	[38.7,45.1]
Medium (4–6 members)	17.0	1303	19.3	21.7	41.0	[37.4,44.6]
Large (>8 members)	60.7	4660	19.2	24.0	43.2	[41.2,45.2]
Total	100	7674	19.7	22.8	42.5	[41.0,44.06]
Number of Children					p < 0.5
1	20.0	1806	22.0	17.5	39.5	[36.5,42.7]
2	44.6	4028	20.7	23.2	43.9	[41.7,46.1]
3	26.5	2394	19.2	25.5	44.7	[41.9,47.5]
4 or more	0.9	79	17.7	21.6	39.3	[34.6,44.2]
Total	100	9030	20.2	22.5	42.7	[41.3,44.2]
Access to safe water		0			p < 0.001
No	70.6	6372	21.5	25.0	46.5	[44.8,48.1]
Yes	29.4	2658	17.3	16.4	33.8	[31.4,36.6]
Total	100	9030	20.2	22.5	42.7	[41.3,44.2]
Access to hygienic toilet		0			p < 0.001
No	96.5	8717	20.6	23.1	43.7	[42.2,45.2]
Hygienic	3.5	313	10.1	5.5	15.6	[11.0,21.6]
Total	100	9030	20.2	22.5	42.7	[41.3,44.2]
Proximal factors
Birth order					p = 0.113
1	18.0	1476	21.9	19.1	41.0	[37.7,44.4]
2	16.5	1352	20.5	19.2	39.7	[36.3,43.3]
> =3	65.5	5363	20.0	23.5	43.6	[41.7,45.5]
Total	100	8192	20.5	22.1	42.5	[41.0,44.0]
Had Diarrhoea					p = 0.441
No	82.4	6691	20.6	22.2	42.8	[41.2,44.5]
Yes	17.6	1430	19.8	21.4	41.2	[37.7,44.9]
Total	100	8121	20.5	22.0	42.5	[41.0,44.0]
Breastfeeding within first hour					p = 0.120
No	55.6	4459	22.1	21.5	43.6	[41.6,45.7]
Yes	44.4	3566	18.3	22.9	41.2	[39.0,43.4]
Total	100	8025	20.4	22.1	42.5	[41.0,44.1]

p p-value using chi-square test, CI confidence interval

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