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Table 3 Odds of HPV Vaccine series completion (receipt of ≥3 doses) among of Male Adolescents 13 to 17 Years of age for Individual-level and area-based measures: National Immunization Survey–Teen, 2012-2013

From: Area-based socioeconomic factors and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among teen boys in the United States

 

HPV vaccine series completion a

  

Characteristics

Undadjustedb,cOR (95%CI)

Individual-level only, (Model 1) AOR a, b(95% CI)

Individual-level + ZCTA racial composition + ZCTA population density (Model 2), AOR a, b (95% CI)

Individual-level + ZCTA poverty, + ZCTA population density (Model 3), AOR a, b (95% CI)

Individual-level variables

 Teens Age

  13

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  14

1.04 (0.89, 1.21)

1.06 (0.91, 1.25)

1.08 (0.92, 1.27)

1.05 (0.90, 1.24)

  15

1.32 (1.14, 1.52)*

1.50 (1.29, 1.75)**

1.48 (1.27, 1.73)**

1.48 (1.27, 1.73)**

  16

1.09 (0.84, 1.27)

1.16 (0.99, 1.37)

1.16 (0.98, 1.36)

1.15 (0.98, 1.35)

  17

1.27 (1.10, 1.48)*

1.48 (1.26, 1.74)**

1.46 (1.24, 1.71)**

1.45 (1.23, 1.70)**

 Mother’s marital status

  Married

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Not married

1.11 (1.01, 1.22)*

0.93 (0.83, 1.04)

0.94 (0.84, 1.05)

0.93 (0.83, 1.04)

 Type of insurance coverage insurance

  No insurance

0.65 (0.52, 0.81)*

0.60 (0.47, 0.76)**

0.59 (0.46, 0.76)**

0.59 (0.46, 0.75)**

  Employer or union

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  SCHIP or Medicaid

1.69 (1.52, 1.87)**

1.37 (1.18, 1.59)**

1.38 (1.18, 1.60)**

1.36 (1.17, 1.58)**

  IHS, military, other

1.35 (1.16, 1.56)**

1.27 (1.08, 1.49)*

1.30 (1.10, 1.53)*

1.25 (1.06, 1.47)*

 Mother’s education, years

   < 12 years

1.90 (167, 2.16)**

1.73 (1.45, 2.07)**

1.77 (1.48, 2.13)**

1.69 (1.41, 2.03)**

  12 years

0.95 (0.83, 1.07)

0.90 (0.77, 1.05)

0.91 (0.78, 1.07)

0.90 (0.77, 1.05)

   > 12 years, non-college graduate

0.88 (0.78, 1.00)

0.90 (0.78, 1.04)

0.92 (0.79, 1.05)

0.90 (0.78, 1.04)

  College graduate

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Poverty status

  Above poverty, >$75,000

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Above poverty, ≤$75,000

1.08 (0.96, 1.21)

0.99 (0.86, 1.14)

0.99 (0.85, 1.14)

0.10 (0.86, 1.15)

  Below poverty

1.58 (1.40, 1.79)**

1.11 (0.93, 1.34)

1.13 (0.93, 1.36)

1.11 (0.92, 1.34)

  Unknown poverty status

1.21 (0.96, 1.53)

0.91 (0.70, 1.19)

0.90 (0.69, 1.18)

0.90 (0.69, 1.17)

 Race/ethnicity of teen

  Hispanic

2.19 (1.95, 2.46)**

1.95 (1.70, 2.24)**

1.89 (1.62, 2.19)**

1.86 (1.61, 2.15)**

  Non-Hispanic White

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Non-Hispanic Black

1.44 (1.24, 1.66)**

1.26 (1.08, 1.48)*

1.21 (1.01, 1.44)*

1.19 (1.01, 1.40)*

  Non-Hispanic other and multiple race

1.24 (1.03, 1.48)*

1.22 (1.01, 1.47)*

1.24 (1.03, 1.51)*

1.20 (0.10, 1.45)

 Received provider recommendation to get HPV vaccine

  Yes

6.59 (5.89, 7.36)**

6.53 (5.83, 7.33)**

6.60 (5.89, 7.42)**

6.53 (5.82, 7.33)**

  No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Don’t know

2.20 (1.78, 2.71)**

2.19 (1.77, 2.70)**

2.20 (1.77, 2.73)**

2.19 (1.78, 2.71)**

ZCTA Area-based measures

 Racial composition (50% + of that group)

  Hispanic

1.88 (1.62, 2.19)

—

0.98 (0.81, 1.18)

---

  Mixed

1.58 (1.38, 1.81)

—

1.16 (0.99, 1.36)

---

  Non-Hispanic Black

1.23 (1.00, 1.51)

—

0.99 (0.78, 1.23)

---

  Non-Hispanic White

Ref

—

Ref

Ref

  Non-Hispanic other

0.60 (0.32, 1.14)

—

0.27 (0.14, 0.54)*

---

 Poverty (% below poverty) d

  0-4.99%, least impoverished

Ref

—

—

Ref

  5-9.9%

1.08 (0.92, 1.28)

—

—

1.09 (0.92, 1.30)

  10-19.9%

1.08 (0.92, 1.27)

—

—

1.05 (0.88, 1.25)

  20 + %, poorest

1.58 (1.34, 1.86)**

—

—

1.22 (1.01, 1.48)*

 Population density quartiles (people per sqr mile)

  1, lowest density) 1-20 per sq. mile

Ref

—

Ref

Ref

  2. 21-71 persons per sq. mile

0.71 (1.00, 0.50)

—

0.60 (0.42, 0.86)*

0.61 (0.42, 0.86)*

  3. 72-651 persons per sq. mile

1.19 (0.88, 1.62)

—

1.01 (0.73, 1.39)

1.02 (0.74, 1.40)

  4. highest density > 651 person per sq. mile

1.34 (0.99, 1.82)

 

0.95 (0.69, 1.30)

0.95 (0.69, 1.30)

  Q4 vs Q2

1.90 (1.55, 2.32)**

 

1.57 (1.27, 1.94)**

1.57 (1.27, 1.94)**

  Q4 vs Q3

1.13 (1.01, 1.26)*

 

0.94 (083, 1.06)

0.93 (0.83, 1.05)

 Residence type

  1. Isolated Small Rural T

Ref

 

—

—

  2. Small Rural Town

1.05 (0.61, 1.80)

 

—

—

  3. Large Rural Town

1.25 (0.77, 2.01

 

—

—

  4. Urban focused

1.92 (1.26, 2.92)*

 

—

—

  1. Note CI confidence interval, HPV human papillomavirus, IHS Indian Health, SCHIP State Children’s Health Insurance Program, Ref Reference, AOR adjusted odds ratio
  2. *P < .05; **P < .0001
  3. a completion= > = 3 doses
  4. b Unadjusted odds and models 1-3 were weighted based on sampling weight and also included state random effects. The sample size was n = 19,188
  5. c Multivariable models 1-3 include all of the variables without dashes (—) and also include the variables, marital status, mother’s age, survey year, and teen’s current age in years and state random effects
  6. d Poverty status was based on the US Census poverty thresholds for 2012 and 2013