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Table 3 Association between cause-specific mortality and sex, individual education, contextual deprivation and time to health care

From: Associations of cause-specific mortality with area level deprivation and travel time to health care in France from 1990 to 2007, a multilevel analysis

Variables

Cerebrovascular Diseases

Ischemic Heart Diseases

All Tumors

Amenable Diseases

Preventable Diseases

HR

HR

HR

HR

HR

Men

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

Women

0.61***

0.37***

0.43***

0.59***

0.31***

Individual effects

 Upper and post-secondary

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

 Lower secondary

1.27***

1.30***

1.28***

1.26***

1.44***

 Completed elementary

1.41***

1.46***

1.29***

1.39***

1.57***

 Incompleted elementary

1.71***

1.62***

1.47***

1.72***

1.99***

Contextual Effects

 Area Deprivation

  Q1 (least deprived)

ref

ref

ref

ref

ref

  Q2

1.06

1.11

1.04

1.05

1.04

  Q3

1.08

1.14*

1.10*

1.08

1.13*

  Q4

1.07

1.22**

1.12**

1.11*

1.13*

  Q5

1.21**

1.29***

1.14***

1.20***

1.24***

  Trend

1.10**

1.15***

1.07***

1.12***

1.13***

Travel time to health care

 Q1 (shortest time)

ref

 

ref

ref

ref

ref

 Q2

0.98

 

0.88*

0.98

0.93

0.94

 Q3

1.15*

 

1.04

0.90**

0.97

0.93

 Q4

1.11

 

1.01

0.90**

0.93

0.92

 Q5

1.05

 

0.90

0.83***

0.88**

0.80***

 Trend

0.98

 

0.95*

0.93***

0.95***

0.91***

 Spatial Variance (ZE94)

0.003

0.007

0.006

0.010

0.017

  1. The Trend is estimated from a separate model in which the concerned contextual effect has been introduced as a linear effect (log-linear). The displayed trend effect is the linear effect multiplied by the mean score difference between the fifth and the first quintile
  2. HR Hazard Ratio, Q ordered population-weighted quintile
  3. *p-value <0.050, **p-value <0.010, ***p-value <0.001
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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