Volunteering and health benefits in general adults: cumulative effects and forms

BMC Public Health

Table 4 Results of parameters equivalence constraints for effects of other-oriented and self-oriented volunteering on health outcomes^a

	Health Outcomes	Other-oriented volunteering	Self-oriented volunteering	Difference in betas^b	Wald X²
	Health Outcomes	β (SE)	β (SE)	Difference in betas^b	Wald X²
1	Mental health	.082 (.027)	.063 (.027)	.019	9.237**
2	Physical health	.087 (.028)	.069 (.028)	.018	13.797***
3	Life satisfaction	.071 (.017)	.036 (.017)	.035	4.139*
4	Social well-being	.106 (.021)	.053 (.021)	.053	9.735***
5	Depression	−.044 (.018)	−.021 (.018)	.023	.029

^aThe socio-demographic variables adjusted in the multivariate linear regression models were also controlled in the parameters equivalence constraints model
^bDifference in Betas is simply (β_{other-oriented} – _{βself-oriented}); β = regression beta; SE = stand error
*p < .05
**p < .01
***p < .001

ISSN: 1471-2458