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Table 3 Risk factors associated with hypertension, Rwanda 2013

From: A population-based national estimate of the prevalence and risk factors associated with hypertension in Rwanda: implications for prevention and control

Variables

Weighted %

UOR

95% CI

p-value

AOR

95% CI

p-value

Age group

 15–24

7.9

1

  

1

  

 25–34

13.2

1.79

1.42–2.25

0.000

1.69

1.25–2.80

0.001

 35–44

19.1

2.77

2.19–3.50

0.000

2.53

1.84–3.48

<0.001

 45–54

27.8

4.52

3.56–5.74

0.000

4.37

3.14–6.10

<0.001

 55–64

39.9

7.80

6.08–10.00

0.000

8.02

5.63–11.42

<0.001

Gender

 Male

16.5

1

  

1

  

 Female

14.4

0.85

0.74–0.97

0.018

0.75

0.63–0.88

<0.001

Locality

 Rural

15.0

1

  

1.0

  

 Semi urban

18.5

1.29

1.02–1.61

0.031

1.30

1.01–1.67

0.040

 Urban

15.7

1.05

0.86–1.28

0.614

1.01

0.79–1.28

0.940

Level of Education

 No formal schoool

20.8

1

  

1.0

  

 Primary school

14.2

0.63

0.54–0.74

0.000

0.92

0.77–1.10

0.354

 Secondary school

15.0

0.67

0.53–0.84

0.001

1.22

0.93–1.60

0.151

 University and High

16.9

0.77

0.47–1.28

0.322

1.01

0.58–1.78

0.962

Marital Status

 Never Married

9.7

1

  

1

  

 Married/Cohabitating

17.8

2.02

1.68–2.42

0.000

0.87

0.67–1.13

0.298

 Separated/Divorced/Widowed

24.3

2.99

2.40–3.75

0.000

0.98

0.72–1.34

0.905

Occupation

 Employed/paid

18.7

1

  

1

  

 Self-employed

16.9

0.88

0.64–1.20

0.433

0.80

0.56–1.15

0.223

 Student

5.0

0.23

0.14–0.38

0.000

0.45

0.25–0.80

0.007

 Unemployed

16.4

0.85

0.58–1.26

0.430

0.84

0.55–1.30

0.441

 Not mentioned

6.3

0.29

0.03–2.44

0.257

-

 

-

Smoking

 Never smoked

14.6

1

  

1

  

 Past smokers

22.2

1.67

1.01–2.74

0.044

1.05

0.60–1.86

0.853

 Current smokers(non-daily)

19.6

1.42

1.06–1.91

0.018

0.84

0.60–1.17

0.301

 Daily smokers

20.9

1.54

1.26–1.90

0.000

0.83

0.65–1.06

0.145

Alcohol consumption

 No alcohol consuption

12.7

1

  

1

  

 Alcohol consumption

17.6

1.47

1.28–1.68

0.000

1.24

1.05–1.44

0.009

Physical activity

 Low

16.9

1

  

1

  

 High

13.7

0.78

0.68–0.90

0.000

1.01

0.86–1.18

0.892

Fruit and vegetable consumption

 5 or more fruit/veg/day

19.4

1

  

-

 

-

 < 5 servings fruit/veg /day

15.4

0.75

0.41–1.37

0.358

-

 

-

BMI (kg/m2)

       

 < 18.5

10.6

1

  

1

  

 18.5–24.9

14.5

1.43

1.09–1.87

0.009

1.74

1.30–2.32

0.000

 25–29.9

20.4

2.16

1.60–2.92

0.000

2.60

1.87–3.63

0.000

 ≥ 30

29.9

3.59

2.45–5.26

0.000

3.93

2.54–6.08

0.000

Blood Glucose

 < 5.1 mmol/l

15.4

1

 

1

1

  

 5.1–6.1 mmol/l

14.9

0.96

0.58–1.60

0.885

0.76

0.46–1.28

0.31

 > =6.1 or took medication

22.5

1.60

1.12–2.28

0.009

1.26

0.85–1-87

0.242

Total Cholesterol

 < 5.0 mmol/dl

15.2

1

 

1

1

  

 > = 5.0 mml/dl

26.6

2.03

1.46–2.82

0.000

1.27

0.88–1.84

0.193

HDL Cholesterol

       

 Low

14.0

1

 

1

1

  

 Normal HDL Cholesterol

18.9

1.43

1.24–1.64

0.000

1.16

1.00–1.36

0.050

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