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Table 3 Comparison of the HR-QoL between Mongolian subjects with and without ventilatory impairment when the subjects were stratified by season and household fuel type

From: Effects of air pollution and seasons on health-related quality of life of Mongolian adults living in Ulaanbaatar: cross-sectional studies

Questionnaire

Season

Warm

 

Cold

Household fuel type

Smoke-free (n = 120)

Smoke-rich (n = 210)

Smoke-free (n = 128)

Smoke-rich (n = 193)

Ventilatory impairment

(−) n = 87

(+) n = 33

(−) n = 161

(+) n = 49

(−) n = 99

(+) n = 29

(−) n = 145

(+) n = 48

Item/ subscale

COOP/WONCA

[Mean ± SD]

Physical fitness

1.8 ± 1.0

2.2 ± 1.4

1.8 ± 1.1

2.0 ± 1.3

1.9 ± 1.2

2.3 ± 1.2

2.2 ± 1.3

2.6 ± 1.6

Feelings

2.2 ± 1.0

2.0 ± 1.1

2.4 ± 1.2

2.3 ± 1.2

2.2 ± 1.1

2.4 ± 1.1

2.3 ± 1.1

2.5 ± 1.1

Daily activities

1.7 ± 0.8

1.7 ± 1.1

2.0 ± 1.0

2.0 ± 1.1

1.9 ± 0.9

1.9 ± 0.9

1.9 ± 0.9

2.3 ± 1.1*

Social activities

1.5 ± 0.8

1.4 ± 0.7

1.7 ± 0.9

1.6 ± 0.9

1.7 ± 1.1

1.5 ± 0.8

1.5 ± 0.8

1.8 ± 1.0

Change of health

2.6 ± 0.9

2.7 ± 0.8

2.7 ± 1.0

2.7 ± 0.9

2.5 ± 1.0

2.4 ± 1.0

2.7 ± 0.8

2.9 ± 0.9

Overall health

3.2 ± 0.9

3.5 ± 0.9

3.4 ± 0.8

3.5 ± 0.6

3.3 ± 0.9

3.3 ± 1.0

3.4 ± 0.8

3.5 ± 0.9

Pain

2.5 ± 1.1

2.6 ± 1.4

2.9 ± 1.2

2.7 ± 1.3

2.5 ± 1.3

2.8 ± 1.2

2.6 ± 1.2

3.1 ± 1.2*

Quality of life

2.3 ± 0.7

2.2 ± 0.6

2.4 ± 0.7

2.5 ± 0.8

2.3 ± 0.8

2.4 ± 0.7

2.4 ± 0.7

2.5 ± 0.7

SF-36

[mean ± SD]

Physical functioning

65.2 ± 23.6

57.1 ± 28.5

59.3 ± 28.7

58.4 ± 28.9

71.0 ± 22.1

65.7 ± 17.4

64.7 ± 24.6

54.4 ± 25.2*

Role physical

69.3 ± 26.2

72.3 ± 30.9

60.3 ± 26.0

59.6 ± 26.8

73.0 ± 23.6

62.3 ± 23.3*

65.8 ± 25.9

55.2 ± 28.2*

Bodily pain

67.0 ± 22.9

63.1 ± 29.7

55.2 ± 26.4

55.2 ± 27.9

65.9 ± 24.1

59.3 ± 28.3

60.6 ± 24.2

48.0 ± 21.0**

General health perceptions

55.2 ± 20.7

48.0 ± 24.9

49.7 ± 22.6

51.3 ± 22.5

56.9 ± 22.5

50.8 ± 19.6

50.3 ± 22.8

41.2 ± 22.8*

Vitality

63.9 ± 17.4

64.4 ± 16.6

58.8 ± 19.3

56.6 ± 19.9

65.5 ± 19.2

62.7 ± 19.9

60.1 ± 18.6

55.3 ± 23.1

Social functioning

77.4 ± 21.0

81.1 ± 23.8

71.2 ± 24.1

71.7 ± 24.2

77.5 ± 22.8

72.8 ± 22.9

76.5 ± 21.0

67.7 ± 25.9*

Role emotional

72.2 ± 23.9

74.7 ± 30.9

63.7 ± 27.0

62.1 ± 29.6

74.7 ± 22.1

66.4 ± 24.7

66.4 ± 26.0

58.0 ± 28.0

Mental health

72.7 ± 18.5

77.4 ± 18.9

66.5 ± 19.3

67.7 ± 21.7

71.8 ± 18.1

71.2 ± 18.7

67.1 ± 19.4

62.7 ± 22.3

  1. The COOP/WONCA items were scored on a five-point ordinal scale ranging from 1 to 5 (lower is better), and responses to the SF-36 were calculated the eight subscales from 0 to 100 points (higher is better)
  2. Data are presented as mean ± SD
  3. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.001 between subjects with normal lung functions and those with ventilatory impairment
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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