Labour-market marginalisation after mental disorders among young natives and immigrants living in Sweden

BMC Public Health

Table 3 Multivariate hazard ratios (HRs)^a with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for disability pension, sickness absence and unemployment and region of birth^b,c stratified on labour market attachment

	Region of birth	Disability pension	Long-term sickness absence	Long-term unemployment
	Region of birth		HR (95% CI)
Income from work during 2004
No mental disorders	Sweden	1	1	1
	Western countries	1.55 (1.45–1.67)	1.29 (1.25–1.33)	2.04 (2.00–2.09)
	Non-Western countries	1.36 (1.26–1.47)	1.35 (1.31–1.39)	2.45 (2.40–2.50)
Mental disorders	Sweden	8.96 (8.54–9.39)	2.20 (2.13–2.26)	1.67 (1.62–1.72)
	Western countries	10.35 (8.95–11.97)	2.23 (2.02–2.47)	2.78 (2.53–3.05)
	Non-Western countries	9.09 (7.82–10.56)	2.15 (1.94–2.37)	2.62 (2.40–2.85)
Income, but not from work, during 2004
No mental disorders	Sweden	1	1	1
	Western countries	0.70 (0.60–0.81)	0.98 (0.92–1.05)	1.36 (1.32–1.40)
	Non-Western countries	0.72 (0.63–0.81)	0.92 (0.87–0.97)	1.66 (1.62–1.70)
Mental disorders	Sweden	6.68 (6.22–7.18)	2.43 (2.30–2.56)	1.28 (1.23–1.33)
	Western countries	4.57 (3.60–5.79)	2.06 (1.72–2.46)	1.57 (1.40–1.75)
	Non-Western countries	5.74 (4.80–6.86)	2.28 (1.98–2.63)	1.72 (1.57–1.88)
No income during 2004
No mental disorders	Sweden	1	1	1
	Western countries	0.42 (0.39–0.46)	0.71 (0.66–0.75)	1.15 (1.12–1.18)
	Non-Western countries	0.39 (0.36–0.42)	0.60 (0.56–0.63)	1.59 (1.56–1.62)
Mental disorders	Sweden	4.54 (4.35–4.74)	1.55 (1.47–1.64)	1.13 (1.11–1.17)
	Western countries	3.02 (2.71–3.38)	1.21 (1.04–1.41)	1.33 (1.23–1.44)
	Non-Western countries	3.15 (2.87–3.46)	1.11 (0.96–1.28)	1.72 (1.61–1.84)

^aAll analyses were conducted by Cox regression with both fixed and time dependent covariates and competing risks. Multivariate model: Outcome disability pension; Model 1 + somatic disorder 2004–2010, ≥180 days of unemployment annually 2004–2010. Outcome long-term sickness absence; Model 1 + somatic disorder 2004–2010, ≥180 days of unemployment annually 2004–2010, sickness absence 2004 (0, 1–89, ≥90 days) Outcome long-term unemployment; Model 1 + somatic disorder 2004–2010, ≥90 days of sickness absence annually 2004–2010, unemployment 2004 (0, 1–179, ≥180 days).
^bAll individuals were 20–35 years, and resident in Sweden at 31st of December 2004 (N = 1,753,544)
^cWestern countries (a. Nordic countries except Sweden, b. EU, except Sweden, Finland and Denmark, c. Europe outside EU and Nordic countries and d. North America and Oceania); non-Western countries (a. Africa, b. Asia and c. South-America)

ISSN: 1471-2458