Binge drinking and total alcohol consumption from 16 to 43 years of age are associated with elevated fasting plasma glucose in women: results from the northern Swedish cohort study

Table 1 Characteristics of the study population by gender at age 16 and 43

		Women (n = 433)	Men (n = 464)	p-value
Fasting plasma glucose
Fasting plasma glucose at age 43 (mmol/L)		4.9 (0.6)	5.3 (1.0)	<0.001
Alcohol consumption
Total alcohol consumption from ages 16 to 43 (grams of pure alcohol)		17,995 (22216)	48,864 (66323)	<0.001
Binge drinking from ages 16 to 43^a, range 0–28 (years)		0.0 (9.50)	11.5 (16.88)	<0.001
Combined total alcohol consumption and binge drinking from ages 16 to 43^b, range 0–2 (%)		46.1/33.4/20.5	22.5/54.1/23.4	<0.001
Never consumed alcohol ages 16 to 43 (%)		1.7	1.4	0.897
Covariates
Age 16	BMI at age 16 (kg/m²)	20.0.(2.6)	19.8 (2.6)	0.366
	BMI >25 at age 16 (%)	4.5	4.8	0.803
	Daily intake of sugary foods at age 16 (%)	17.3	14.9	0.339
	Daily smoking (%)	33.1	18.0	<0.001
	Exercise a few times a month or more seldom at age 16 (%)	21.0	26.3	0.060
	Family history of diabetes at age 16 (%)	3.3	3.5	0.835
	Both parents working-class at age 16 (%)	37.0	36.6	0.982
Age 43	BMI at age 43 (kg/m²)	25.8 (5.0)	27.5 (4.2)	<0.001
	BMI >25 at age 43 (%)	46.3	69.3	<0.001
	Daily intake of sugary foods at age 43 (%)	8.1	5.8	0.187
	Daily smoking at age 43 (%)	19.9	14.4	0.029
	Exercise a few times a month or more seldom at age 43 (%)	35.6	45.2	0.003
	Hypertension at age 43 (%)	16.8	32.3	<0.001

Data are displayed as mean (SD) for fasting plasma glucose and BMI, median (interquartile range, IQR) for alcohol consumption variables, and percentages (%),*p < .05
^aBinge drinking (consuming four or more standard drinks (five for men) of alcohol on the same occasion at least once a month) from ages 16 to 43 (range 0–28) is defined as number of years during which the participant reported binge drinking
^bCombined total alcohol consumption and binge drinking from ages 16 to 43 ranged from 0 (not binge drinking or alcohol consumption under 75th percentile ages 16–43) to 2 (binge drinking 1–28 years and alcohol consumption over 75th percentile)

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