Table 2 Effects of socio-demographic characteristics on the health-promoting lifestyle (HPL) in Dalian City, China

 Female

2.63 ± 0.47

2.28 ± .59

2.24 ± .60

2.33 ± 0.58

2.68 ± 0.60

2.89 ± 0.58

2.38 ± 0.50

 Male

2.65 ± 0.40

2.24 ± 0.57

2.88 ± 0.54

2.34 ± 0.57

2.74 ± 0.55

2.89 ± 0.49

2.40 ± 0.47

 t

−.487

1.12

−.395

−1.408

−1.11

−.079

−.398

  P value

0.616

0.264

0.267

0.694

0.160

0.937

0.688

 95% CI

-0.08 ~ .05

−0.04 ~ .13

−0.13 ~ 0.03

−0.10 ~ 0.07

−0.14 ~ 0.02

−0.08 ~ 0.07

−0.08 ~ 0.05

 Eta squared

0.000

0.002

0.001

0.001

0.002

0.000

0.000

  < 18.5

2.60 ± 0.51

2.62 ± 0.63

2.85 ± 0.65

2.34 ± 0.51

2.62 ± 0.63

2.85 ± 0.69

2.41 ± 0.56

 18.6 - 24.9

2.64 ± 0.44

2.70 ± 0.59

2.92 ± 0.57

2.32 ± 0.58

2.70 ± 0.59

2.90 ± 0.53

2.39 ± 0.48

 25.0 - 29.9

2.64 ± 0.39

2.79 ± 0.53

2.85 ± 0.55

2.35 ± 0.57

2.79 ± 0.54

2.86 ± 0.52

2.39 ± 0.46

  ≥ 30

2.69 ± 0.54

2.74 ± 0.64

2.91 ± 0.63

2.44 ± 0.69

2.74 ± 0.63

2.86 ± 0.65

2.37 ± 0.64

 F

0.288

1.042

0.529

0.614

1.410

0.264

0.040

  P Value

0.834

0.373

0.662

0.606

0.239

0.852

0.989

 Eta squared

0.001

0.004

0.002

0.002

0.005

0.000

0.000

 Sophomore/Freshman year

2.63 ± 0.44

2.22 ± 0.57

2.90 ± 0.57

2.32 ± 0.58

2.70 ± 0.59

2.89 ± 0.55

2.38 ± 0.49

 Senior Year

2.70 ± .45

2.43 ± .58

2.90 ± .61

2.40 ± .55

2.76 ± .58

2.91 ± .54

2.44 ± .48

 Post graduate

2.47 ± 37

2.35 ± .51

2.82 ± .50

2.22 ± .57

2.40 ± 0.39

2.59 ± 0.46

2.14 ± 0.29

 F

3.061

8.401

0.166

1.523

3.125

2.934

0.040

  P value

0.047

0.000

0.847

0.219

0.044

0.054

0.989

 Eta squared

0.008

0.021

0.000

0.004

0.008

0.007

0.000

 Medical

2.60 ± 0.43

2.25 ± 0.55

2.87 ± 0.56

2.30 ± 0.55

2.67 ± 0.58

2.85 ± 0.53

2.36 ± .49

 Non-medical

2.75 ± 0.49

2.33 ± .66

2.99 ± .62

2.44 ± .65

2.85 ± .60

3.03 ± 0.58

2.50 ± 0.48

 t

−3.895

−1.62

−2.62

−3.65

−2.46

−3.95

−3.68

  P value

0.000

0.100

0.014

0.009

0.000

0.000

0.000

 95% CI

−.22 ~ −0.07

−0.19 ~ 0.02

−0.22 ~ −0.02

−0.25 ~ −0.03

−0.28 ~ −0.09

−0.27 ~ −0.09

−0.23 ~ −0.07

 Eta squared

0.019

0.003

0.003

0.003

0.005

0.019

0.017

 Current smoker

2.48 ± 0.42

2.30 ± 0.54

2.68 ± 0.52

2.33 ± 0.54

2.46 ± 0.50

2.65 ± 0.54

2.22 ± 0.47

 Non-smoker

2.65 ± 0.44

2.26 ± 0.58

2.92 ± 0.58

2.33 ± 0.58

2.73 ± 0.59

2.91 ± 0.54

2.41 ± 0.49

 t

−3.161

0.444

−3.412

0.013

−3.797

−3.822

−3.161

  P value

0.002

0.657

0.001

0.990

0.000

0.000

0.002

 95% CI

-0.28 ~ −0.07

−0.11 ~ 0.17

−0.38 ~ −0.10

−0.14 ~ 0.14

−0.41 ~ −0.13

−0.39 ~ −0.12

−0.28 ~ −0.07

 Eta squared

0.012

0.000

0.014

0.000

0.018

0.005

0.012

 drinker

2.56 ± 0.42

2.19 ± 0.56

2.80 ± 0.57

2.35 ± 0.55

2.58 ± 0.53

2.79 ± 0.52

2.33 ± 0.46

 Non-drinker

2.67 ± 0.45

2.30 ± 0.59

2.94 ± 0.57

2.32 ± 0.59

2.76 ± 0.60

2.93 ± 0.55

2.42 ± 0.50

 t

−3.335

−2.312

−3.242

0.642

−3.824

−3.357

−2.185

  P value

0.001

0.021

0.001

0.521

0.000

0.001

0.029

 95% CI

-0.18 ~ −0.05

−0.19 ~ −0.02

−0.23 ~ −0.06

−0.06 ~ 0.12

−0.26 ~ −0.08

−0.22 ~ −0.06

−0.16 ~ −0.01

 Eta squared

0.014

0.007

0.013

0.000

0.018

0.014

0.006

  ≤ 1000

2.63 ± .49

2.24 ± .58

2.91 ± .66

2.34 ± .61

2.66 ± .63

2.92 ± .58

2.39 ± .54

 1000 ~ 2000

2.65 ± .43

2.29 ± .59

2.91 ± .54

2.34 ± .57

2.72 ± .57

2.88 ± .54

2.40 ± .45

  > 2000

2.62 ± .43

2.23 ± .55

2.85 ± .55

2.30 ± .57

2.75 ± .58

2.86 ± .53

2.35 ± .50

 F

0.229

0.762

0.549

0.212

0.983

0.657

0.499

  P value

0.795

0.467

0.578

0.809

0.375

0.519

0.607

 Eta squared

0.000

0.002

0.001

0.000

0.000

0.002

0.001

 Chinese

2.74 ± 0.44

2.30 ± 0.61

2.98 ± 0.57

2.38 ± 0.60

2.92 ± 0.54

3.00 ± 0.52

2.53 ± 0.47

 International

2.44 ± 0.42

2.21 ± 0.52

2.75 ± 0.55

2.24 ± 0.52

2.34 ± 0.47

2.68 ± 0.52

2.16 ± 0.43

  P value

0.000

0.030

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

 95% CI

0.24 ~ 0.36

0.01 ~ 0.17

0.15 ~ 0.31

0.06 ~ 0.23

0.51 ~ 0.66

0.15 ~ .25

0.30 ~ 0.43

 Eta squared

0.113

0.006

0.037

0.015

0.257

.083

0.136