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Table 2 Prevalence of household food insecurity, demographic, and socioeconomic characteristics, September 2012 and May 2013, Iqaluit, Canada

From: Food insecurity and food consumption by season in households with children in an Arctic city: a cross-sectional study

Characteristics

Households with children

Households without children

Presence of children

All

September 2012

May 2013

P value*

All

September 2012

May 2013

P value*

P value†

Sample

  

 Total participating households (n)

488

231

257

 

497

259

238

  

 Food security questionnaire, completed (n)

431

203

228

 

468

243

225

  

Food insecurity statusa

   

0.52

   

0.76

0.001

 Food insecureb

         

  %

32.9

34.5

31.6

 

23.3

23.9

22.7

  

  95% CI

28.5, 37.4

27.9, 41.1

25.5, 37.6

 

19.4, 27.1

18.5, 29.3

17.2, 28.2

  

Demographic characteristics

  

 Agec

   

0.93

   

0.68

<0.001

  18–40 years old

         

   %

65.5

64.8

66.1

 

41.1

41.6

40.4

  

   95% CI

61.3, 69.7

58.6, 71.0

60.3, 72.0

 

36.7, 45.4

35.6, 47.7

34.1, 46.7

  

  41–54 years old

         

   %

27.9

28.3

27.6

 

30.5

28.8

32.3

  

   95% CI

23.9, 31.9

22.4, 34.1

22.1, 33.1

 

26.4, 35.6

23.2, 34.4

26.3, 38.3

  

  55 years old and over

         

   %

6.6

7.0

6.2

 

28.5

29.6

27.2

  

   95% CI

4.4, 8.8

3.7, 10.3

3.3, 9.2

 

24.5, 32.5

24.0, 35.2

21.5, 33.0

  

 Genderc

   

0.14

   

0.67

0.011

  Female

         

   %

66.4

69.7

63.4

 

58.6

59.5

57.6

  

   95% CI

62.2, 70.6

63.7, 75.7

57.5, 69.3

 

54.2, 62.9

53.5, 65.5

51.3, 63.9

  

 Ethnic origind

   

0.22

   

0.27

<0.001

  Inuit

         

   %

70.9

73.6

68.5

 

50.5

52.9

47.9

  

   95% CI

66.9, 74.9

67.9, 79.3

62.8, 74.2

 

46.1, 54.9

46.8, 59.0

41.5, 54.3

  

Socioeconomic characteristics

  

 Formal education: Incomplete secondary schoole

 

0.006

   

0.79

0.009

  %

42.4

48.9

36.6

 

34.3

33.7

34.9

  

  95% CI

38.0, 46.8

42.4, 55.4

30.7, 42.5

 

30.1, 38.5

27.9, 39.5

28.8, 41.0

  

 Employment status: Employedf

  

0.36

   

0.36

0.84

  %

57.2

55.0

59.1

 

56.6

58.5

54.4

  

  95% CI

52.8, 61.6

48.5, 61.5

53.1, 65.2

 

52.2, 60.9

52.5, 64.6

48.1, 60.8

  

 Income supportg

   

0.29

   

0.83

0.70

  %

23.8

26.0

21.9

 

22.8

23.2

22.4

  

  95% CI

20.0, 27.6

20.3, 31.7

16.8, 27.0

 

19.1, 26.5

18.0, 28.3

17.0, 27.7

  

 Home in need of major repairsh

  

0.90

   

0.001

0.65

  %

11.4

11.6

11.2

 

12.4

17.3

7.2

  

  95% CI

8.5, 14.3

7.4, 15.8

7.3, 15.2

 

9.4, 15.3

12.6, 22.0

3.9, 10.5

  

 Household crowdingi

   

0.99

   

0.54

<0.001

  %

17.6

17.6

17.6

 

2.5

3.0

2.1

  

  95% CI

14.1, 21.1

12.4, 22.8

12.9, 22.3

 

1.1, 4.0

0.8, 5.2

0.3, 3.9

  

 Retail food expensesj: Over $451 in past week

 

0.06

   

0.64

<0.001

  %

32.4

36.6

28.6

 

12.4

13.1

11.7

  

  95% CI

28.2, 36.6

30.3, 42.9

23.0, 34.2

 

9.5, 15.4

8.9, 17.3

7.5, 15.9

  

 Local food expensesk: Over $451 in past week

 

0.17

   

0.17

0.003

  %

8.3

6.7

10.8

 

3.1

2.1

4.9

  

  95% CI

5.4, 11.2

3.3, 10.1

5.6, 16.0

 

1.3, 4.9

0.3, 4.0

1.0, 8.7

  

 Other household expensesl: Over $1401 in past month

 

0.31

   

0.08

<0.001

  %

57.7

55.2

60.0

 

40.4

36.6

44.8

  

  95% CI

53.1, 62.4

48.5, 62.0

53.6, 66.4

 

35.9, 45.0

30.4, 42.7

38.1, 51.5

  
  1. *P value determined using χ2, H0: Prevalence of characteristic is the same in September 2012 and May 2013
  2. † P value determined using χ2, H0: Prevalence of characteristic is the same in households with and without children
  3. aFood secure includes high food security and marginal food security
  4. bFood insecure includes low food security and very low food security
  5. cAge and gender of the person responsible for food preparation
  6. dEthnic origin of the household was assumed to be the same as of the person responsible for food preparation
  7. eFormal education of the person responsible for food preparation
  8. fEmployment status of the person responsible for food preparation. Includes part-time and full-time employment
  9. gIncludes income support received by any household member
  10. h “Does your home have a problem with mold or is it in need of major repairs (for example: a new roof, plumbing repairs, structural repairs)?” was asked to the household respondent
  11. iCrowding is defined as “more than one person per room in the dwelling” [74]
  12. j‘Retail food expenses’ include household spending in an average week for food bought from the retail store
  13. k‘Local food expenses’ include household spending in an average week for obtaining or buying local food (e.g. gas, ammunition, supplies, equipment and/or local food)
  14. l‘Other household expenses’ include household spending in the last month for rent, mortgage, electricity, heating fuel, gas, water and sewage, garbage, skidoo parts and oil, bullets, naphtha, and material
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