Table 1 Maternal characteristics, antenatal clinic attendance and birth outcomes at a primary, secondary and tertiary level facility in inner-city Johannesburg, South Africa

 10–16

1.2 (88/7543)

-

1.3 (252/19,523)

<0.001

 17–19

9.7 (731/7543)

6.3 (1224/19,523)

 20–24

38.3 (2894/7543)

26.4 (5154/19,523)

 25–29

30.2 (2275/7543)

31.1 (6065/19,523)

 30–34

14.3 (1082/7543)

20.7 (4051/19,523)

  ≥ 35

6.3 (473/7543)

14.2 (2777/19,523)

 1

-

-

55.9 (6461/11,554)

-

 2–4

40.0 (4616/11,554)

  ≥ 5

4.1 (477/11,554)

 1

-

-

30.3 (5708/19,382)

-

 2–4

54.3 (10,664/19,382)

  ≥ 5

15.4 (3010/19,382)

 Worst case scenario^a

77.1 (5813/7543)

89.0 (3661/4113)

93.1 (18,177/19,523)

<0.001

 Missing are excluded^b

77.1 (5813/7541)

99.1 (3661/3693)

97.0 (18,177/18,745)

<0.001

 Best case scenario^c

77.1 (5813/7543

99.2 (4081/4113)

97.1 (18,955/19,523)

<0.001

Had an HIV test

68.5 (5167/7543)

88.0 (3621/4113)

93.6 (18,276/19,523)

<0.001

HIV positive^d

36.7 (1897/5167)

23.9 (867/3621)

29.8 (5452/18,276)

<0.001

Caesarean section rate

NA

24.0 (984/4102)

54.1 (10,304/19,048)

<0.001

 Female

51.0 (3833/7520)

49.4 (2031/4110)

48.9 (8636/17,653)

0.01

 Male

49.0 (3687/7520)

50.6 (2079/4110)

51.1% (9017/17,653)

 Preterm

0.3 (26/7543)

1.1 (47/4113)

26.9 (5125/19,022)

<0.001

 Term

99.7 (7517/7543)

98.7 (4058/4113)

68.3 (12,989/19,022)

 Post-term

0 (0/7543)

0.2 (8/4113)

4.8 (908/19,022)

Stillbirth^e (n deaths per 1000 live births)

4.3/1000 (32/7510)

3.9/1000 (16/4093)

28.0/1000 (487/17,401)

<0.001