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Table 1 Descriptive Characteristics of Mothers by Household Food Insecurity Status in Beirut, Lebanon, 2015 (n = 378)

From: Household food insecurity is associated with a higher burden of obesity and risk of dietary inadequacies among mothers in Beirut, Lebanon

 

Total Sample (n = 378)

Food Secure

(n = 187)

Food Insecure

(n = 191)

Crude ORa

(95% CI)

Adjusted ORb

(95% CI)

Socio-demographic Characteristics

 

Mean ± SD

OR (95% CI)

 Number of Children

2.7 ± 1.1

2.7 ± 1.0

2.8 ± 1.2

1.09 (0.92, 1.31)

0.90 (0.70, 1.16)

 Mother’s age (years)

39.7 ± 7.7

39.2 ± 7.5

40.3 ± 7.9

1.02 (0.99, 1.05)

1.03 (0.99,1.06)

 

N (%)

 

Household Monthly Income (L.L)c

  < 1,000,000 (reference)

119 (31.5)

21 (11.5)

98 (52.4)

1.0

1.0

 1,000,000–2000,000

146 (38.6)

73 (39.9)

73 (39.0)

0.21 (0.12, 0.38)

0.27 (0.15, 0.51)

  > 2000–0000

105 (28.4)

89 (48.6)

16 (8.6)

0.04 (0.02, 0.08)

0.07 (0.03, 0.15)

p-for-trend

   

<0.001

<0.001

Crowding Index

  < 2 person per room (reference)

330 (87.3)

175 (93.6)

155 (81.2)

1.0

1.0

  > = 2 person per room

48 (12.7)

12 (6.4)

36 (18.8)

3.39 (1.70, 6.74)

2.18 (0.89, 5.32)

p-for-trend

   

<0.001

 

Spouse’s Employment Status

 Unemployed (reference)

14 (3.8)

2 (1.1)

12 (6.6)

1.0

1.0

 Employee/Self-employed

350 (96.2)

181 (98.9)

169 (93.4)

0.16 (0.03, 0.71)

0.33 (0.06, 1.67)

p-for-trend

   

<0.01

 

Mother’s Employment Status

 Unemployed/ Homemaker (reference)

267 (70.8)

113 (60.8)

154 (80.6)

1.0

1.0

 Employee/ Self-employed

110 (29.2)

73 (39.2)

37 (19.4)

0.37 (0.23, 0.59)

0.80 (0.43, 1.49)

p-for-trend

   

<0.001

 

Spouse’s Education Level

 Intermediate school or less (reference)

188 (49.7)

66 (35.9)

122 (66.7)

1.0

1.0

 High school or technical diploma

105 (27.8)

64 (34.8)

41 (22.4)

0.35 (0.22, 0.57)

0.60 (0.32, 1.11)

 University degree

74 (19.6)

54 (29.3)

20 (10.9)

0.20 (0.11, 0.36)

0.92 (0.42, 2.04)

p-for-trend

   

<0.001

 

Mother’s Education Level

 Intermediate school or less (reference)

161 (42.6)

50 (26.7)

111 (58.1)

1.0

1.0

 High school or technical diploma

128 (33.9)

68 (36.4)

60 (31.4)

0.40 (0.25, 0.64)

0.76 (0.42, 1.40)

 University degree

89 (23.5)

69 (36.9)

21 (10.5)

0.13 (0.07, 0.24)

0.35 (0.16, 0.75)

p-for-trend

   

<0.001

<0.01

  1. P-values for entries that were in boldface and significant were added for binary variables including crowding index, spouse's employment status, and mother's employment status
  2. -Odds Ratio is significant at a p-value < 0.05.
  3. a Crude OR refers to unadjusted odds ratio of food insecurity among study sample
  4. b Adjusted OR refers to odds ratio of food insecurity after adjusting for all other socio-demographic variables
  5. c Currency rate: 1$ = 1500 L,L
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