Beyond efficacy in water containers: Temephos and household entomological indices in six studies between 2005 and 2013 in Managua, Nicaragua

Table 4 Pupae-positive households and temephos presence in surveys in Managua control sites between 2005 and 2013

Survey date	Percentage of households with temephos observed in any container	Temephos observed in any container		Temephos not observed in any container		OR (95% CI)^a
Survey date		No. of inspected households	No. (%) with any pupae	No. of inspected households	No. (%) with any pupae	OR (95% CI)^a
Oct 2005	13.1	346	73 (21)	2290	439 (19)	1.15 (0.86–1.54)
Oct 2006	25.1	644	69 (11)	1992	195 (10)	1.17 (0.86–1.59)
Oct 2007	19.8	703	98 (14)	2853	347 (12)	1.11 (0.85–1.43)
Jan 2011	20.6	829	70 (8)	3202	205 (6)	1.31 (0.98–1.76)
Aug 2012	33.2	1394	286 (21)	2806	539 (19)	1.17 (0.98–1.40)
Jan 2013	23.7	966	127 (13)	3108	259 (8)	1.67 (1.31–2.13)

OR of >1.0 indicates that households with temephos present were more likely to have a positive entomological indicator; italic font indicates the association was significant at the 5% level
^aOdds ratio and 95% confidence intervals from GLMM, with cluster as random effect

ISSN: 1471-2458