Table 1 Assessment instruments

Health beliefs (i.e., outcome expectancies, care/ART necessity, distrust) and emotions (i.e., fear)

Outcome expectancies re: care and ART (9 items each; α = .93) [199]

Care and ART Necessity scale (10 items each; α = .80) [200]

HIV and ART distrust (10 items; α = .84); HIV health care provider distrust (11 items; α = .88); General medical distrust (7 items; α = .72) [201,202,203]

Care & ART Concerns & Fears subscale (disclosure, side effects; 13 items; α = .80) [56, 200]

Adherence behavioral skills

Mean % adherence rating from up to 4 one-week trial periods via MEMS caps; HIV Medication Readiness Scale (10 items; α = .90) [204]

Peer models and peer norms regarding HIV care and ART

Peer models (number and quality of “successful” HIV+ peers in care, on ART; α = .90) [205]

Subjective peer norms for HIV care and ART (6 items each; α = .84) [206]

Social support and stigma associated with care, ART

Social support (α = .88) [207]

Stigma associated with taking or not taking HIV care and ART (3 items each; α = .73) [208]

Structural barriers to care/ART

HIV-related structural/ practical barriers to care, ART (α = .72) [136]

DISTAL MEDIATORS

Motivation and readiness for care and ART [209]

Schedule of HIV appointments [210]

ART Prescription [210]

Ancillary treatment [211]

Substance use frequency [212]

Depression [213]

MODERATORS

Socio-demographic characteristics (age, biological sex, sexual minority status, race/ethnicity)

HIV history and ART history

Substance use [212]

Depression [213]

Anxiety

OTHER DESCRIPTIVE AND BACKGROUND VARIABLES

Housing status, transgender gender identity, employment status, health status; where receives HIV care, incarceration; sex work history; reasons not on ART or discontinued ART; ART side effects (at FU); HIV treatment knowledge [214]; Methadone Maintenance/opioid substitution therapy; satisfaction with HIV care [215]