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Table 1 Birth weight SD score in association with physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness at 16 years. Mean differences (95% CI) of physical activity (METh/week) and cardiorespiratory fitness (ml·kg−1·min−1) per one unit higher birth weight SD score

From: Prenatal determinants of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescence – Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 study

 

Model

Mean difference per one unit higher value (95% CI)

Physical activity (METh/week)

 

N = 6675

1

−0.3 (−0.7;0.1)

2

−0.4 (−0.8;0.0)*

3a

−0.3 (−0.7;0.1)

3b

−0.4 (−0.8;0.0)*

3c

−0.5 (−0.9;-0.1)*

1

P for quadratic trend 0.279

Cardiorespiratory fitness (ml·kg−1·min−1)

 

N = 4701

1

−0.4 (−0.6;-0.1)**

2

−0.4 (−0.6;-0.1)**

3a

−0.3 (−0.6;0.0)*

3b

−0.4 (−0.6;−0.1)*

3c

-0.1 (−0.3;0.1)

1

P for quadratic trend 0.171

  1. Multiple linear regression models are adjusted for:
  2. Model 1: sex
  3. Model 2: sex, parental education
  4. Model 3a: Model 2 + length of gestation, maternal GDM, maternal hypertension, BMI of the mother before pregnancy, BMI of the father at the beginning of pregnancy, smoking of the mother during pregnancy
  5. Model 3b: Model 2 + physical activity of mother and father at the offspring age 16
  6. Model 3c: Model 2 + adolescent’s BMI, age, pubertal stage, and smoking, and season of the year at the time of the study
  7. P values are for mean difference between risk factor groups and controls: * < 0.05, ** < 0.01, and quadratic trend. Categorical covariates are dummy-coded, with a separate dummy variable for missing values