Association of nutrition club membership with markers of health: a cross sectional study

BMC Public Health

Table 2 Body composition and cardiometabolic health

Mean ± SD	Club Members	Controls	P-value^a
Weight (kg)	80.2 ± 17.7	77.3 ± 19.1	0.07
Height (cm)	162.8 ± 10.0	162.0 ± 9.3	0.44
BMI (kg/m²)	30.1 ± 5.1	29.3 ± 5.8	0.07
% body fat^b	35.5 ± 8.7	32.8 ± 8.6	*<0.001*
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	79.5 ± 9.9	77.1 ± 11.3	0.05
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	127.0 ± 16.8	128.0 ± 17.5	0.60
Waist to Hip Ratio	0.87 ± 0.09	0.89 ± 0.09	*0.04*
Insulin (uIU/ml), serum^c	7.9 (6.8, 9.1)	11.5 (9.9, 13.4)	*<0.001*
HbA1c (%), whole blood^d	5.6 ± 0.7	6.0 ± 1.2	*0.008*
% Prediabetic (5.7 < HbA1c ≤ 6.4)	21.0 (21.9%)	24.0 (25.0%)	0.73
% Diabetic (HbA1c ≥6.4)	9.0 (9.4%)	20.0 (20.8%)	*0.03*
N (%)	Club Members	Controls	p-value^e
Metabolic Syndrome^f,g	23 (24.2%)	36 (37.9%)	*0.02*
Large waist circumference^f,h	55 (57.9%)	55 (57.9%)	0.99
High fasting triglycerides^f,i	20 (21.0%)	29 (30.5%)	0.17
Low fasting HDL cholesterol^{f, j}	28 (29.5%)	38 (40.0%)	0.16
Elevated blood pressure^f,k	38 (40.0%)	45 (47.4%)	0.26
High fasting glucose^f,l	22 (23.2%)	30 (31.6%)	0.20
High Cholesterol^m	16 (16.7%)	11 (11.5%)	0.38
Elevated CRPⁿ	26 (27.1%)	35 (36.5%)	0.17

^apaired t-test used to determine significance; 100 club members, 100 controls. Significant p-values are indicated by italicized numbers in bold
^b N = 93 pairs
^c N = 94 pairs
^d N = 96 pairs, Elevated HbA1c, reflecting pre-diabetes, was defined as 5.7 < HbA1c ≤ 6.4%
^eMcNemar’s test used for metabolic syndrome and its components, high cholesterol, elevated CRP, and elevated HbA1c; paired t test used for total metabolic health score; Significant p-values are indicated by italicized numbers in bold
^f N = 95 pairs;
^gBased on the ATP 3 guidelines of having 3 or more of the following;
^hwaist circumferences of >102 cm for men and >88 cm for women;
ⁱfasting plasma triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL or taking cholesterol lowering medication;
^jfasting HDL cholesterol <40 mg/dL for men or <50 mg/dL for women, or taking cholesterol lowering medication;
^ksystolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 85 mmHg, or taking hypertension medication;
^lfasting plasma glucose ≥100 mg/dL or taking diabetes medication;
^mN = 96 pairs, High cholesterol was defined as taking lipid-lowering medication or having fasting LDL cholesterol >160 mg/dL or fasting total cholesterol of >240 mg/dL;
ⁿ N = 96 pairs, Elevated CRP was defined as >3 mg/L

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