Prevalence, perception and factors associated with diabetes mellitus among the adult population in central Vietnam: a population-based, cross-sectional seroepidemiological survey

Table 2 Risk factors associated with diabetes mellitus in Khanh Hoa, Vietnam

Factor	Category	Univariate analysis (n = 376)	Multivariate analysis (n = 302)
Factor	Category	OR (95%CI)^a	aOR (95%CI)^a
Sex	Female	ref.	ref.
Sex	Male	1.0 (0.5–2.2)	1.3 (0.3–6.8)
Age (years old)	20–29	-^b	-^b
	30–39	ref.	ref.
	40–49	3.5 (0.7–17.1)	2.8 (0.5–15.3)
	50–59	4.6 (0.95–21.7)	3.5 (0.7–18.7)
	60–70	10.9 (2.2–54.4)	8.7 (1.4–56.0)
Residential area	Rural	ref.	ref.
Residential area	Urban	3.5 (1.4–9.1)	2.6 (0.8–7.9)
Occupation	Manual worker	ref.	ref.
	Office worker	2.0 (0.5–8.6)	1.3 (0.2–8.8)
	Service worker	2.7 (0.8–8.6)	0.6 (0.1–3.6)
	Housekeeper, student, no job	2.0 (0.6–6.6)	0.6 (0.1–3.7)
	Retired	6.5 (1.7–25.8)	0.5 (0.1–4.5)
	Others	2.0 (0.4–10.7)	1.3 (0.2–10.1)
Level of daily physical activity	Heavy	ref.	ref.
Level of daily physical activity	Light	2.7 (1.1–6.5)	2.1 (0.5–8.8)
Smoking status	Never smoker	ref.	ref.
	Ex-smoker (currently not smoking)	1.0 (0.3–3.5)	0.7 (0.1–4.5)
	Current smoker	0.9 (0.3–2.2)	0.7 (0.1–4.3)
BMI	Low or normal	ref.	ref.
	Overweight	2.8 (1.1–7.2)	1.2 (0.4–3.7)
	Obesity	10.6 (2.8–39.9)	10.2 (2.2–50.2)
Hypertension	No	ref.	ref.
Hypertension	Yes	4.1 (1.7–10.2)	2.0 (0.8–5.2)
Hyperlipidemia	No	ref.	ref.
Hyperlipidemia	Yes	2.5 (1.02–5.9)	2.8 (0.9–8.7)

OR odds ratio, aOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval, ref. reference, BMI, body mass index
^aCalculated using logistic regression
^bNo cases of DM existed for analysis

ISSN: 1471-2458