Table 6 Effectiveness of policies on physical inactivity
From: Impact of school policies on non-communicable disease risk factors – a systematic review
Study | Design | Policy | Outcomes | Specific outcome | Impact (+) Favorable and significant change (=) No change | Strength of Association |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anthamatten et al., 2011 [43] | Case-control | Physical Activity (learning landscape program) (Renovation of school grounds) | Utilization of school yards for Physical Activity | Overall utilization of school yards | + | Mean difference: 7.0 p = 0.003 |
Covelli, 2008 [27] | Quasi-experimental | Integration of health promotion in existing curriculum (Provision of cognitive behavioral components of health knowledge, health promotion concepts, nutrition, and exercise). | Exercise | Exercise per week | + | Intervention group: Mean Baseline (2.6 (SE:0.9) Follow up 4.5 (SE: 1.4)) |
Control group: Mean Baseline (2.1 (SE(0.8) Follow up 2.2 (SE 0.1)) p = 0.001 | ||||||
Gibson et al., 2008 [44] | RCT | Physical Activity Across the Curriculum (PACC) - 90 mins moderate intensity physical activity delivered as part of academic instruction | Physical activity | Levels of physical activity | + | Intervention students 3.40 ± 0.02 vs control students 2.17 ± 0.03, p < 0.0001 |
Harris et al., 1997 [34] | Quasi-experimental | Modified school lunches, Enhanced nutrition education and increased opportunities for physical activities | Physical activity | Fitness levels | = | Pretest (18%) to post-test (29%) (p = 0.29) |
Holt et al., 2013 [45] | Quasi-experimental | District mandated Physical Activity Policy (20 min) | Physical activity: Walk/run, Movement activity | Walk/run | + | Not reported |
Movement | = | Not reported | ||||
Llargues et al., 2011 [23] | RCT | Teacher Training, Develop activities related to food habits and/or physical activity | Physical activity | Walking to school | + | No changes: Control 83% Intervention: 73.4% p < 0.05 |
Exercise | + | No changes: Control 74.2% Intervention: 76.4% p < 0.05 | ||||
Manios et al., 1999 [24] | RCT | Multicomponent workbooks covering dietary issues, physical activity and fitness, dental health hygiene, smoking and accident prevention | Leisure time physical activity | Leisure-time MVPA | + | Intervention (Baseline 0.9) (Follow up 2.8) Control (Baseline 1.4) (Follow up 2.0) |
O’Brien et al., 2010 [35] | Cross-sectional | Comprehensive school health education, physical education and physical activity, school nutrition and food services, health promotion and wellness, school counselling physical and behavioral health services, school climate, physical environment, youth, parent, family and community involvement | Physical activity | TV viewing >2 h/day | + | Odds ratio: 0.95 p = 0.28 |
Vandongen et al., 1995 [26] | Cross-sectional | Fitness, fitness + school nutrition, school based nutrition, school + home nutrition, home based nutrition | Fitness | Leger score | + | Means: Leger score (Intervention Baseline: 43.2 (41.9, 44.4) Follow up: 44.7 (43.2, 46.2) Control Baseline: 42.2 (38.6, 45.7) Follow up: 41.0 (37.2, 44.9) |
Run time (minutes) | + | Means: Run time (Intervention Baseline: 9.9 (9.8, 10.1) Follow up: 9.6 (9.4, 9.8) Control Baseline: 10.4 (9.9, 10.7) Follow up: 9.9 (9.4, 10.4) |