Skip to main content

Table 2 Demographic and reproductive health characteristics of the study participants, and the prevalence of exposure to IPV during pregnancy (n = 1,116, if no other indication)

From: Social support and intimate partner violence during pregnancy among women attending antenatal care in Moshi Municipality, Northern Tanzania

Characteristic

No. of women (% of total)

Emotional violence

Physical violence

Sexual violence

At least one type of violence

No. of women (prevalence in %)

P valuea

No. of women (prevalence in %)

P valuea

No. of women (prevalence in %)

P valuea

No. of women (prevalence in %)

P valuea

Age (in years)

 18–20

144 (12.9)

30 (11.8)

0.486

7 (10.0)

0.828

18 (10.5)

0.238

39 (11.6)

0.502

 21–25

374 (33.5)

79 (31.1)

22 (31.4)

53 (31.0)

105 (31.1)

 26–30

310 (27.8)

82 (32.3)

19 (27.1)

44 (25.7)

102 (30.3)

 31–35

167 (15.0)

36 (14.2)

13 (18.6)

33 (19.3)

50 (14.8)

 36 and above

121 (10.8)

27 (10.6)

9 (12.9)

23 (13.5)

41 (12.2)

Education level completed

 Primary

676 (60.6)

149 (58.7)

0.737

44 (62.9)

0.771

108 (63.2)

0.575

207 (61.4)

0.871

 Secondary

390 (34.9)

92 (36.2)

24 (34.3)

54 (31.6)

114 (33.8)

 Above secondary

50 (4.5)

13 (5.1)

2 (2.8)

9 (5.2)

16 (4.8)

Occupation

 Employed

179 (16.0)

40 (15.7)

0.026

10 (14.3)

0.345

28 (16.4)

0.189

56 (16.6)

0.009

 Self-employed

512 (45.9)

134 (52.8)

38 (54.3)

88 (51.5)

175 (51.9)

 Unemployed

425 (38.1)

80 (31.5)

22 (31.4)

55 (32.1)

106 (31.5)

Parity

 0

429 (38.4)

83 (32.7)

0.072

18 (25.7)

0.053

63 (36.8)

0.892

115 (34.1)

0.068

 1–2

533 (47.8)

129 (50.8)

38 (54.3)

84 (49.1)

166 (49.3)

 3 or more

154 (13.8)

42 (16.5)

14 (20.0)

24 (14.1)

56 (16.6)

Index pregnancy planned?

 Yes

849 (76.1)

179 (70.5)

0.017

54 (77.1)

0.826

129 (75.4)

0.846

247 (73.3)

0.169

 No

267 (23.9)

75 (29.5)

16 (22.9)

42 (24.6)

90 (26.7)

Any history of adverse pregnancy outcomeb (n = 674)

 No

166 (24.6)

124 (73.4)

0.536

35 (67.3)

0.180

70 (67.3)

0.047

151 (69.3)

0.011

 Yes

508 (75.4)

45 (26.6)

17 (32.7)

34 (32.7)

67 (30.7)

Any alcohol consumption during pregnancy

 Yes

123 (11.0)

42 (16.5)

0.001

22 (31.4)

<0.001

26 (15.2)

0.058

56 (16.6)

<0.001

 No

993 (89.0)

212 (83.5)

48 (68.6)

145 (84.8)

281 (83.4)

  1. aResults of chi-square test of statistical difference on the proportional distribution of exposure to violence
  2. bWomen who had a previous pregnancy that ended as miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm birth and/or low birth weight baby