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Table 1 The Ophelia (OPtimising HEalth LIteracy and Access) principles that guide the aims, development and implementation of structured interventions to improve health and equity outcomes in communities

From: Systematic development and implementation of interventions to OPtimise Health Literacy and Access (Ophelia)

1. Outcomes focused

• Improved health and reduced health inequities

2. Equity driven

• All activities at all stages prioritise disadvantaged groups and those experiencing inequity in access and outcome

3. Co-design approach

• In all activities at all stages, relevant stakeholders engage collaboratively to design solutions

4. Needs-diagnostic approach

• Participatory assessment of local needs using local data

5. Driven by local wisdom

• Intervention development and implementation is grounded in local experience and expertise

6. Sustainable

• Optimal health literacy practice becomes normal practice and policy

7. Responsiveness

• Recognise that health literacy needs and the appropriate responses vary across individuals, contexts, countries, cultures and time

8. Systematically applied

• A multilevel approach in which resources, interventions, research and policy are organised to optimise health literacy